P Old Spreadsheet stuff Flashcards
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1q2L0arJ8yi1fTDYb_uBiMY3Dg_ej7rhqvwp8XPBtsJ4/edit?gid=0#gid=0
P. Advisory Circulars Checklist, and circular Numbering System
Aircraft - 20
Airman - 60
Airspace - 70
Air Traffic and General Operation Rules - 90
P. Cessna 172 Engine type (5)
-160 horsepower Lycoming engine
-Horizontally opposed
-Air cooled
-Normally aspirated
-Direct driven
P. Fuel System
N6814H holds 38 gallons total.
36 of that is usable making 2 gallons unusable.
The fuel system is vent and gravity fed. (or driven by an engine fuel pump)
What are the electrical stats on your cessna. Volts, etc.
I have 28 volt direct current system with a 24 volt battery all diven by a 60 amp alternator.
Pitot static systems use what 2 things inside?
Anroid wafers and calibrated leak
P. Which instruments run off the vacuum system:
Attitude indicator and
heading indicator / directional gyro (and suction gauge)
Turn coordinator
Class G airspace (uncontrolled)
Day and night requirements, above or below…
Day: above 1200ft. 1-152
Night: above 1200ft = 3-152
Day: below 1200ft. 1 mile, clear of clouds
Night: below 1200ft = 3-152
Class E airspace limitations? 700 or 1200 to 18,000
Above 10,000 MSL
5-111 rule
Below 10,000 MSL
3-152 rule
Whats are the Special use Airspaces
M-ilitary Operations Area
C-ontoled Firing Area
P-rohibited
R-restricted
A-lert
W-arning Area (off shore mostly)
N-ational Securiey TFR
What minimum radio equipment is required for operation within Class C airspace?
Two-way radio communications equipment and a 4096-code transponder
Student pilot limitation (4)
-No passangers
-no people or property for money
-not to further business
-visibility 3 miles day / 5 miles at night
Private Pilot limitations (1 no,3 yes)
No people or property for money
can
-Demonstrate if over 200 hours
-Tow a glider in accordance with 61.69
-Act as PIC in connection with a business or employment if that flight is incidental to the business or employment (only if the deal in Atlanta is good weather or drive or flly
A.V.I.A.T.E.S.
A - Annual Inspection: every 12 months
V - VOR Check: Required every 30 days for IFR flight.
I - 100-hour Inspection: aircraft for hire or instruction for hire.
A - Airworthiness Directives (ADs): Compliance based.
T - Transponder Check: every 24 months.
E - ELT: Inspection every 12 months.
S - Static System and Altimeter Check: every 24 months.
A. T.O.M.A.T.O. F.L.A.M.E.S.
- A – Airspeed Indicator
- T – Tachometer
- O – Oil Pressure Gauge
- M – Manifold Pressure Gauge
- A – Altimeter
- T – Temperature Gauge
- O – Oil Temperature Gauge
- F – Fuel Gauge
- L – Landing Gear Position Indicator
- A – Anti-Collision Lights
- M – Magnetic Compass
- E – ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter)
- S – Seat Belts
To be VFR legal at night add F.L.A.P.S
F-uses (may not apply)
L-anding light (only for hire)
A-nti collision lights (Date of manufacture is the difference between day and night)
P-osition lights
S-ource of power (having a flashlight)
An Accident: define
An occurrence in which any person suffers death or serious injury or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage
What classifies as an accident? (2)
-In which any person suffers death or serious injury
-In which the aircraft receives substantial damage
What DOES NOT classifies as an accident? (4)
-Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged
-Bent fairings or cowling
=dented aircraft skin or small punctured holes in the skin or fabric
-ground damage to rotor or prop blades
-damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips
What DOES classifies as an accident? (4)
-damage to property, other than aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair (including materials and labor of fair market value) in the event of total loss, whichever is less
-in-flight fire
-flight control system malfunction or failure
-complete loss of information, excluding flickering, from more than 50% of an aircrafts electronic cockpit displays such as EFIS
What things qualify for immediate notification to NTSB 830? (6)
-it’s an accident
-inability of a required crew member to perform normal flight duties because of an in-flight injury or illness
-Infight fire
-flight control system malfunction or failure
-An overdue airplane believed to have been in an accident
-an airplane Collision in flight
When shall you the pilot, when requested by the NTSB, file a report?
Within 10 days
If an aircraft is involved in an accident which results in substantial damage to the aircraft, the nearest NTSB field office should be notified?
Within 7 days
An aircraft’s annual condition inspection was performed on July 12, this year. The next annual inspection will be due no later than?
July 31 next year.
When are TAF’s issued
Hourly at 55 after
PIREP (2 types)
UA - Routine Pirep
UUA - Urgent pirep
Weather Depiction Chart updated every ____ hours?
Every 3 hours
What information is provided by the Radar summary chart that is not shown on other weather charts?
Lines and cells of hazardous thunderstorms.
ABC’s of an Engine Failure in flight
A-irspeed 65
B-est Landing Area
C-hecklist
D-eclare am emergency 7700
Engine failure on take off.
With runway 2
Without runway 1
- Engine quits before rotation: Best case scenario, plenty of space
- with runway remaining
Pitch nose forward
Flaps as Needed
Aerodynamic Brake(pull back) - without runway remaining
Land straight ahead (30 degree window Lt&Rt)
Never attampt a turn back below 1,000ft AGL
Engine fire in flight or on ground Causes
-Cold Days - Overpriming 95% of E fires
-Engine Pre-Ignition
Engine fire in flight or on ground, If engine does not start
-Continue cranking 30 to 60 seconds (Consult checklist)
-Fuel off (fuel selector and mix)
-Evacuate and Extinguish
Engine fire in flight or on ground, If engine does start
-Run engine to higher RPM 30-60 seconds (consult checklist)
-Fuel off (fuel selector and mix)
-Evacuate and Extinguish
Engine fire on the during flight
Put out fire ASAP by dropping
Electrical fire Causes:
Shortage,
over voltage,
fraying wire (most common)
Electrical fire What to do?
What to do? Master off, Avionics off, Ventilate Cabin
How to Declaring an emergency (4)
-Mayday 3 times indicated grave danger
-Pan 3 times suggest uncertainty
-121.5 is no longer monitored
State: I’m declaring an emergency on -Squak 7700
What condition aircraft gets turbulence the most? (3)
Heavy, clean, slow
Transponder Squawk Code
7500 I’ve been hijacked
7600 Lost communications
7700 General Emergency
ATC Light Gun Signals on ground and In Flight: Steady green
G: Cleared for Takeoff
In Flight: Cleared to land
ATC Light Gun Signals on ground and In Flight: Flashing Green
G: Cleared to Taxi
In Flight: Return to Land
ATC Light Gun Signals on ground and In Flight: Steady Red
G: Stop
In Flight: Give way to other aircraft
ATC Light Gun Signals on ground and In Flight: Flashing Red
G: Taxi Clear of Runway
In Flight: Airport unsafe -Do not land
ATC Light Gun Signals on ground and In Flight: Flashing White
G: Return to Starting Point on Airport
In Flight: N/A
ATC Light Gun Signals on ground and In Flight: Alternating Red and Green
G: Exercise Extreme Caution
In Flight: Exercise Extreme Caution
When should a pilot file an emergency report with the ATC Tower?
Upon request.
PARC Pre- Maneuver Checklist
P-re checklist (dashboard)
A-rea to land
R-adio call
C-lear area
Good Decisions Making: IMSAFE
I-llness
M-edication
S-tress
A-lcohol
F-atigue
E-motional
Good Decisions Making. Should i fly today: PAVE
P-ilot
A-irplane
V- EnVironment
E-xternal pressures
Good in air Decision Making: DECIDE
D-etect
E-stimate
C-hoose
I-dentify
D-o
E-valuate
spatial disorientations (8)
Somatogravic illusions
-inversion illusion
-elevator illusion
-somaotgraphic illusion
Somatogyral illusions
-Leans
-graveyard spiral
-coriolis illusion
Visual illusions
-false horizon
-autokinisis
Describe this spatial disorientation: inversion illusion
a change from climb to level flight.
This combination of accelerations produces an illusion that the aircraft is inverted or tumbling backwards.
Describe this spatial disorientation: coriolis illusion
occurs when a pilot, during a prolonged turn, experiences a sudden, confusing sensation of tumbling or rotating in all directions after MOVING THEIR HEAD ABRUPTLY, even though the aircraft is not actually changing direction
Describe this spatial disorientation: elevator illusion
a false sensation of climbing when encountering an updraft, leading them to push the aircraft’s nose down
Describe this spatial disorientation: leans (illusion)
Slow turn. ear fluid doesn’t register. Thinks your straight. So turn more.
a pilot experiences a false sensation of rolling or banking, often after a gradual turn, leading them to lean in the perceived direction of the “bank”.
Describe this spatial disorientation: autokinisis
staring at a light too long at night it will begin to move
Describe this spatial disorientation: graveyard spiral or spin
mistakenly believes they are losing altitude in a banked turn, and then takes corrective action that exacerbates the descent, leading to a spiraling dive.
proper recovery and reenter original spin
Describe this spatial disorientation: somaotgraphic illusion
rapid acceleration or deceleration causes the pilot to misinterpret the aircraft’s attitude, feeling like they are climbing or descending when they are actually flying straight and level
Describe spatial disorientation:
A lack of orientation with regard to the position, attitude, or movement of the aircraft in space is defined as
What are the different types of Hypoxia
hypoxic hypoxia
hypemic hypoxia
stagnant
histoxic
What is Hypoxic Hypoxia
induced by altitude
What is hypemic hypoxia
inability to transport to the brain
What is stagnant
inability to transport because of cooling. where a g suit to prevent blood from heading to legs
What is histoxic
Something toxic attached itself to red blood cell not allowing them to accept oxygen
Lightheadedness, Euphoria, Cyanosis, Dizziness, headaches IN THAT ORDER
Which statement best defines hypoxia?
A state of oxygen deficiency in the body.
If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to
rely upon the aircraft instrument indications.
What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?
Scan slowly to permit off-center viewing.
Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight-and-level flight?
Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.
-Due to the fact that eyes can focus only on a narrow viewing area, effective scanning is accomplished with a series of short regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central vision field.
Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if
eyes are moved often in the process of cross-checking the flight instruments
-Spatial disorientation is a state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs. Thus, the pilot should ignore sensations of muscles and the inner ear and kinesthetic senses (those that sense motion).
Types of clouds sub 6500 ft
Stratus
Cumulus
Nimbostratus
Cumulonimus (CB on TAF)
Types of clouds mid range
Alotstratus (Alot=high)
Altocumulus
Types of clouds High up
Cirrus
Towering Cumulonimbus (stay 20 miles away). Clouds w/ extensive vertical development
Produces Anvil top sometimes
Describe “Stable” Weather. (4)
Stratus clouds
Smooth air
Continuous precipitation
Fair to poor visibility
Describe “Unstable” Weather. (4)
Cumuliform clouds
Turbulent air
Showery precipitation
Good visibility in haze
What do fronts look like on a weather map? (4)
Cold front: blue triangles linked
Warm front: blue circles linked
Stationary: it’s a tie. Red blue connected
Occluded front: purple triangle circle linked
4 types of Fog
Radiation fog : 75% of time
Advection fog: coastline: warm moist air moves over a cold moist surface (ocean) . Golden Gate Bridge
Upslope fog: warm air going up a hill to meet cold air
Precipitation enduceded fog/steam fog: Rain cools on hot ground
6 Types of Turbulance
Light
Moderate
Severe
Extreme
CHOP: turbulence wake (consistent )
Clear air turbulence: jet stream turbulence
-Light: Slight erratic changes to altitude or airspeed
-Moderate: Larger variations in speed altitude and attitude can occur but control maintained
-Severe: Large changes in speed, alt, & Attitude lose control. Items could cause structural damage
-Extreme: Capable of causing structural damage. And resulting in prolonged, possibly terminal, loss of control of the aircraft
-CHOP: turbulence wake (consistent )
-Clear air turbulence: jet stream turbulence
3 Types of Ice
Clear
RIME
Mixed
-Clear Super cooled water droplets (on the top of wing + adds weight)
-RIME Freezes instantly disrupting airflow. losing life, carry weight)
-Mixed Mixed ice. Both
3 rules for Mountain flying
-CFIT Control flight into terrain
-Avoid the “Lee” Side (Downwind side) of the mountain
-Standing lenticular cloud: Beast mode cloud (double stack over mountain)
Types of Altitudes
Indicated Altitude
True altitude
Absolute Altitude
Pressure Altitude
Density Altitude
Aft CG
less stable/ leverage (shorter arm)
lower stall speed, less wing loading
higher cruise speed
Forward CG
More stable
Higher stall speed.
Slower cruise speed
Whats need for Basic Med (5)
-License
-have a held a med cert after July 15, 2006,
-Take a CMEC (Comprehensive Medical Exam Checklist) to regular Dr.
-Physical every 48 months w/checklist
-Complete the online Medical Education Course, and consent to the National Driver Register Check
What can’t you do with Basic Med
-less than 5 PAX
-Can’t fly an aircraft that can fit more than 6 people
cant be over 6000 pounds
-stay under 250kt
-stay under 18,000 ft.
How to maintain Basic Med. (3)
CMEC with dr every 48 months
Cant be treated by dr for any disqualifying condition
every 24 months: Course completion certificate. Medical Education Course
What do you need for a 1st Class medical
20/20 in each eye
near vision of 20/40
aviation red, green and white
normal field of vision
normal field of hearing
What do you need for a 2nd Class medical
20/20 in each eye
near vision of 20/40
aviation red, green and white
normal field of vision
normal field of hearing
What do you need for a 3rd Class medical
20/40 each
near vision of 20/40
aviation red, green and white
normal field of vision
normal field of hearing
How often do you have to renew a 3rd Class Medical
60 calendar months
24 if over 40
how should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tail wing airplane with a left quartering Tailwind
left aileron down elevator
what is the approximate base of a cumulus cloud if the surface air temperature at a thousand cmsl is 70° F and the dew point is 88° f
6000 feet
Define night time
the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight
What are SIG CLDS AND WX
cloudiness and weather significant to flight operations broken down by state or other geographical areas
NOT forecast Sky cover, Cloud tops, visibility, and obstructions to Vision along specific routes
chair type parachute must be packed a certain way every
180 days Within
while 18000 ft in route weather advisories should be obtained from an FSS on
channel 122.0
FAA advisory circulars containing subject matter specifically related to air traffic control and general operations are issued under what subject number
90
During a night flight, you observe steady red and green lights ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?
The other aircraft is approaching head-on.
