P: Nervous system

Question 1

Define sensory/afferent neuron

Answer 1

Neuron that transmits impulses from sensory receptor into CNS

Question 2

Define motor neuron

Answer 2

Neuron that transmits impulses from CNS to an effector

Question 3

Nerve

Answer 3

Cable-like projection of many axons in PNS.

Question 4

Somatic motor nerve

Answer 4

Stimulate contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 5

Autonomic nerve

Answer 5

Stimulates/inhibits contraction of smooth + cardiac muscle, glandular secretion

Question 6

Ganglion

Answer 6

Grouping of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Grouping of neuron cell bodies within CNS

Question 8

Tract

Answer 8

Group of axons that interconnect regions of CNS

Question 9

Neuroglia

Answer 9

Scaffolding of nervous system - provide anatomical + functional support.

Question 10

Schwann cells

Answer 10

Surround axons in PNS
Responsible for myelination of peripheral axons
Participate in repair process after injury

Question 11

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

Myelinate CNS axons
Provide structural framework

Question 12

Astrocytes

Answer 12

Maintain blood brain barrier
Provide structural support
Regulate ion, nutrient + dissolved gas concentrations
Absorb + recycle neurotransmitters
Form scar tissue after injury

Question 13

Microglia

Answer 13

Remove cell debris, waste + pathogens by phagocytosis

Question 14

Ependymal cells

Answer 14

Line ventricles in brain and central canal
Assist in producing, circulating + monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

Satellite cells

Answer 15

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Regulate O2, CO2, nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia.