Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pompeii and Herc > P+H > Flashcards

P+H Flashcards

1
Q

before

A

62AD earthquake
earth tremors several days
cracks in walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

day 1

A

clouds umbrella pine shapes
cloud seen from misenum
clouds - sometimes white, blotched dirty
message from rectina - goes to investigate with warships
pliny stays and sturdies
EP - danger zone, fallout debris - blocks route
Pomponianus at Stabiae
Wind direction = can’t leave Stabiae
flames and fire from Vesuvius
EP batched dine and went to bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

day 2

A

Stabiae - pumice and ash fill courtyards - EP nearly trapped indoors, buildings shake
tied pillow to heads - falling pumice and stones
P + mum scolded for staying
leave at dawn - crowds of shrieking people
darkness at Stabiae even though morning
EP goes to shore - options to leave by sea - wild and dangerous
cloud split = bursts of flame, fire like lightning
clouds sink to earth
smell of sulfur
EP lies down drinks cold water, tried to stand, collapses and dies choking
cloud collapses - pyroclastic surge
clouds got to Misenum - people shrieked, wailed, shouted, finding others, mourned fate, prayed for death, asked gods for help, believed end of universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

day 3

A

more earthquakes overnight
EP body recovered
5000 died

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pompeii burial

A 
slow, shallow, loose 
fallout cloud, several hours 
pumice and ash 
pyroclastic surge 
3-5m deep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

herculaneum burial

A 
fast, deep, solid
not under eruption cloud 
pyroclastic flow - boiling rain mixed with lava
very quick - few mins 
18-25m - solidified when cooled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pompeii escape and death

A

fallout cloud - harder to escape
rocks = deadly, roof collapses
no escape by sea
many did leave, 2000/10,000
hot gases and ash = suffocation - cemented lungs
sheltered inside = trapped
looted - bodies found with money, man near fullery
gases kill people - toxic
some planned to leave - bodies with possessions
some expected to return - guard dog chained up
knew they were dying - covering face with mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

herculaneum escape and death

A 
escape easy option for a while 
had time to leave, less obvious danger, so didn’t leave 
remains of lunch meal on table 
hoped for rescue by sea - skeletons in boat sheds and bones on beech
no time to escape in end 
carbonised human bones on beech 
killed by thermal shock if inside - 300
death - instant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1748

A

pompeii dug, then forgotten
people robbed from sites
theatres and herculaneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1860 - fiorelli

A

cleared streets, town plan, divided into numbered sections (regions, insulae, doorways)
position and finds recorded in place
casts:
- uncover cavity, imprint left by person or object sealed by ash
- pump plaster to fill in space - plaster cast which sets
- excavate around it to reveal cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what were casts made of

A 
people 
dog 
doors 
shutters 
tree roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what did some casts show

A

people covering faces

dogs buried alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

excavation of herculaneum

A

slow and hard
solidified pyroclastic flow
modern town Erculano built on top of it
7 insulae fully excavated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

forum general layout

A

road stops at the edge - blocks to stop any wheeled vehicles
no traffic
busy place
all building exteriors - bright, vivid colours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

basilica

A

roof all way - unusual but shows importance
modern day law courts, business centre
trade deals but not actual trade, just deals initialised
speeches for court trials, free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

curia

A

town councillors for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

aedile

A

maintained for public buildings and order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

duumvir

A

main officials for administrator of justice
1 year post, 2 elected by people

graffiti shows elections were popular, encouraged people to vote for certain people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

speaker’s platform

A

public announcements
candidates at election times

AE - raises platform in front of T of Jupiter
west side of forum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

comitium

A 
10 doorways 
function - voting in
doorway let’s lots of people in and out 
cast lost by dropping vote in urn with name of candidate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

colonnades

A

shaded walkways on both sides and along bottom of forum discuss, gossip
notices painted on them, case results, election results, notices for games
social hub
stalls in colonnades for foods, clothes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

latrines

A

drainage hole in corner

busy area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

building of eumachia

A

AE. - statue at end of building, rich fuller
AE. - expensive rare marble, massive doorway, unusual, shows importance and wealth of fullers
place - where fullers can gather, traded good for trade, store merchandise, travelling fullers - lodging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

macellum

A 
colonnades courtyard 
fresco of fish 
booths along wall 
stalls under colonnades 
food market 
covered circular market space - fish scales, fishmonger stalls 
coins discovered - money changers booth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

weights and measuring table

A

table with holes

standard volume measures of goods - fair trade

26
Q

shops and warehouses

A

bigger booths outside of macellum walls

warehouse building

27
Q

pompeii - personal glory

A

marble decoration building of eumachia

28
Q

pompeii - impressive and displays wealthy town

A

double height white stone pillared colonnade
macellum decorated with frescos and repainted after earthquake 62AD
large basilica - covered roof

29
Q

pompeii - well organised, clean and tidy

A

central area paved white stone
roads end and bollards used to keep traffic out
all food stalls were grouped in macellum

30
Q

pompeii - buildings in deliberate places

A

political buildings grouped together

forum laid out with T of Jupiter (head god) at top

31
Q

pompeii - lack of effort to carry out repairs after 62AD earthquake

A

damaged forum buildings, not fully repaired

relief from house in pompeii showing earthquake effect in T of Jupiter

32
Q

baths - to stay fit

A 
Stabian baths - swimming pool and bowling alley 
All baths - palaestra 
wrestling 
discus 
exercised naked
33
Q

baths - to get clean

A

oil flasks, strigil
applied oil to loosen dirt
scaled dirt off with strigil

34
Q

baths - to have sauna

A

piles of tiles to support raised floor - rooms heated by hypocaust system, hot air circulates under floors and up walls, hot rooms warmed first then warm rooms
boiler heated by same fire
bonze brazier - warmed rooms without hypocaust - extra

35
Q

3 different rooms in baths

A

frigidarium - optional plunge pool first
tepidarium - acclimatise, optional ointment rub
caldarium - to sweat, can repeat

36
Q

baths as sociable and popular

A

Stabian baths and Forum baths - 2 sets of room, one for each gender
latrines - sir down in long rows and discuss
Pompeii had 3 baths
Herc. had 2 (so far)
central bath was still being built - demand and growing popularity
different layouts - experimenting
1000+ lamps found - open in evenings too

37
Q

why might baths not be popular

A

Stabian baths badly damaged in 62AD

not enough money and effort to restore?

38
Q

baths as luxurious and important

A

richly decorated - colourful and patterned ceilings
beautiful mosaic floors
relaxing and interesting
sophisticated and thoughtful

39
Q

Aqua Augusta

A

aquaduct
damaged in 62AD
massive water system, supplying towns in area, part of higher network
wasn’t functioning 72AD, relying on own water collection

40
Q

Castellum Divisiorum

A

water dividing building
high point in town
3 channels - private houses, public fountains, public baths
damaged in 62AD earthquake, damaged by 79AD
careful planning
fairness - fountains prioritised in times of shortages, middle one
cut off from private homes in shortage

41
Q

water distribution

A

both - lead pipes under sidewalks, run a,omg streets, careful planning

pompeii - water towers with pipes running up and back down
tanks at top - reduced water pressure to help manage

both - fountains - flows out into basins onto streets, keeps water fresh

42
Q

serrage in pompeii

A

no underground system
latrines have pits underneath - don’t flow onto streets
streets are open sewers for rubbish and overflow water

43
Q

serrage herculaneum

A

massive system of tunnels underground - cistern
drainage holes from latrines link to sewer
holes in wide of roads
more advances system than P - careful planning and makes Herc. more pleasant place to live

44
Q

sets in pompeii

A

lava blocks form surface of roads
large stepping stones set into roads allow carts and animals and wheels to pass either side
streets range in size - not all are busy
careful planning and advances town organisation
keeps people on foot out of dirt

45
Q

streets in herc.

A

same as pompeii but no stepping stones

quieter town - less busy, less trade, less traffic

46
Q

large theatre

A 
built into natural hollow 
horseshoe shape - 5000, 40cm per person 
3 seating areas: ima cavea, media cavea, summa cavea 
summa damaged in 62AD
wall sockets near top of wall 
busy squashed together 
ima - musicians and council 
wooden posts - shade for audience 
two entrance passageways 
rich citizens paid for parts to be build - Holconii brothers 
show odd wealth and gain support
47
Q

odeon

A

120p
had a roof - used in all weathers all year round
2 entrance passageways
duumvirs paid for it

48
Q

theatre at herc.

A

not fully excavated
2000
smaller than P one

49
Q

entertainment in large theatre

A

plays
Mosaic of street musicians, instruments
graffiti advertise sprinklings and perfumed water
pleasant - disguise smells

50
Q

entertainment in odeon

A

concerts and recitals
singing and poetry
smaller venue
not as popular

51
Q

actors

A 
men
working in touring troops 
mosaic of actors preparing backstage 
fan graffiti - Paris, pearl of the stage, the fans of paris 
used in decoration - interesting 
fans of theatre and had favourites
52
Q

Yes - popular entertainment

A 
size of large theatre 
herc. has own theatre 
rich paid for buildings 
frescos in private homes 
fan graffiti 
a lot of people in town of 10,000
53
Q

No - not popular entertainment

A

repairs to summa cavea nor carried out by 79AD
odeon small seating
lack of interest and demand
music and poetry not popular

54
Q

relief of tomb of UMBRICIUS SCAURUS

A

pairs or gladiators fighting
secutor, retiarius
different types of gladiators

55
Q

Armour finds

A

15 different helmets

variety of armour pieces

56
Q

advertising for games

A

graffiti notices - written on walls in streets
date of games, whose gladiators were fighting, how many, if there will be sprinklings, name of man fighting
free of charge
happen almost every month
shade and cool - pleasant
very popular - open to all

57
Q

events at games

A

parade of gladiators
sponsor dedicated games to Manes, god of dead (president’s box)
mock fights warm crowd up
paired conflicts
musicians play during fights
crowd cheers - audience involved
fight until 1 severely wounded
try to sounds - referee restrains victor
wounded man holds up a finger for mercy
sponsor and crowd decide fate - reprieve or dragged through gate of death

58
Q

results graffiti

A

gives type of gladiator, name, number of fights, outcome of fight
show that death = uncommon - most reprieved
gladiators - popular + valuable

59
Q

heating water

A

tanks for water (boilers) heated by same fire as hypocaust
tank on top = caldarium
tant next to it = tepidarium
water from tanks reached baths through pipes

60
Q

bronze half cylinder in stabian baths

A

full of hot water, heated by hottest air leaving furnace, lower than the bath it is joined to, hot water rises out of cylinder into bath
cold water sinks back not cylinder and is reheated

Pompeii and Herc (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions