P Chem

Question 1

Bohr Atom Energy

Answer 1

En = 13.6 eV / n^2

Question 2

Nodes

Answer 2

Total: n - 1
Radial: n - l - 1
Angular: l

Question 3

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 3

dU = q + w

Question 4

Cp/Cv relationship

Answer 4

Cp - Cv = nR

Question 5

PV work with Pext

Answer 5

w = -P(ext) (Vf - Vi)

Question 6

Solving 1st Law for Q

Answer 6

q = dU - w = dU + P(ext)dV

Question 7

Irreversible process work

Answer 7

w = - nRT ln(V2/V1)

Question 8

Internal Energy with C

Answer 8

dU = qv = Cv(Tf - Ti)

Question 9

Enthalpy/Interal Energy relationship

Answer 9

H = U + PV = U + nRT

Question 10

Enthalpy with C

Answer 10

dH = qp = Cp(Tf-Ti)

Question 11

Carnot efficiency

Answer 11

e = 1 - Tcold/Thot

Question 12

Entropy, general

Answer 12

dS = nR ln(Vf/Vi) = -nR ln(Pf/Pi)

Question 13

Entropy at constant V

Answer 13

dS = n Cv,m ln(Tf/Ti)

Question 14

Entropy at constant P

Answer 14

dS = n Cp,m ln(Tf/Ti)

Question 15

Entropy at phase change

Answer 15

dS = dHvap / dTvap (or fus)

Question 16

Total entropy

Answer 16

dS(total) = dS + dS(surroundings)

Question 17

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 17

The entropy of an isolated system never decreases

Question 18

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 18

The entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline substance is zero at zero kelvin

Question 19

Absolute entropy

Answer 19

S = k ln (W)

Question 20

DOF nonlinear gas molecule

Answer 20

3 Translational
3 Rotational
3n - 6 Vibrational

Question 21

DOF linear gas molecule

Answer 21

3 Translational
2 Rotational
3n - 5 Vibrational

Question 22

The entropy of all substances is a…

Answer 22

monotonically increasing function of temperature

Question 23

Helmholtz Free Energy

Answer 23

A = U - TS

Question 24

Gibbs Free Energy

Answer 24

G = H - TS
G = U + PV - TS

Question 25

dU

Answer 25

dU = TdS - PdV

Question 26

dH

Answer 26

dH = TdS + VdP

Question 27

dA

Answer 27

dA = -SdT - PdV

Question 28

dG

Answer 28

dG = -SdT + VdP

Question 29

Isobaric volumetric thermal expansion coefficient

Answer 29

a or b = (1/V) (dV/dT)_P

Question 30

Isothermal compressibility

Answer 30

k = -(1/V)(dV/dP)_T

Question 31

Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation

Answer 31

[d(G/T)/dT]_P = -H/T^2

Question 32

dS(mixing)

Answer 32

dS(mixing) = -nR sum(xi ln(xi))

Question 33

dG(R)

Answer 33

dG(R) = dG(R0) + RT ln Q

Question 34

G/K relationship

Answer 34

dG = -RT ln K

Question 35

K/T dependence

Answer 35

ln K@Tf = ln K@T0 - (dH/R)(1/Tf - 1/T0)

Question 36

Error in IDG

Answer 36

z = Vm/Vm(ideal) = PVm/RT

Question 37

Boyle temperature

Answer 37

Tb = a/Rb

Question 38

An increase in P always leads to...

Answer 38

a boiling point elevation

Question 39

Freezing point is elevated with increased P if...

Answer 39

V liq > V solid

Question 40

Freezing point is depressed with increased P if...

Answer 40

V liq < V solid

Question 41

dH(sublimation)

Answer 41

dH(sub) = dH(fus) + dH(vap)

Question 42

Gibbs's Phase Rule for pure system

Answer 42

DOF = 3 - p

Question 43

Clapeyron Equation

Answer 43

dP/dT = dSm/dVm | Slope of coexistence curve!

Question 44

Trouton's Rule

Answer 44

dSm(vap) ~ 90 J/mol*K for liquids

Question 45

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

Answer 45

ln(Pf/Pi) = -(dHm(vap)/R) (1/Tf - 1/Ti)

Question 46

Raoult's Law

Answer 46

Pi = xi Pi*

Question 47

DOF for system with C components

Answer 47

DOF = C - p + 2

Question 48

Gibbs-Duhem equations

Answer 48

n1dmu1 + n2dmu2 = 0 x1dmu1 + x2dmu2 = 0 x1dV1 + x2dV2 = 0

Question 49

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 49

dT(boiling) = Kb*molality(solute)

Question 50

Freezing Point Depression

Answer 50

dT(freezing) = - Kf*molality(solute)

Question 51

van't Hoff Equation

Answer 51

pi = n(solute)RT/V

Question 52

Ideal Solution characterized by...

Answer 52

dGmix < 0 dSmix > 0 dV mix = 0 dH mix = 0

Question 53

Henry's Law for solute

Answer 53

Pi = xi kHi as xi --> 0

Question 54

Positive Deviation from Raoult's Law

Answer 54

A-B interactions are least attractive Minimum boiling azeotrope formed kH > Pi*

Question 55

Negative Deviation from Raoult's Law

Answer 55

A-B interactions are most attractive Maximum boiling azeotrope formed kH < Pi*

Question 56

Standard Solvent State

Answer 56

as xi --> 1, ai = Pi/Pi* gi = ai/xi

Question 57

Standard Solute State

Answer 57

as xi --> 0, ai = Pi/kHi gi = ai/xi

Question 58

G/E relationship

Answer 58

dG = -nfE

Question 59

E/K relationship

Answer 59

E = (RT/nF) ln K

Question 60

pH/pKa relationship

Answer 60

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

Question 61

Vibrational states...

Answer 61

are only significantly populated at high T

Question 62

Rotational states...

Answer 62

are populated at room T

Question 63

rate k/Ea relationship

Answer 63

ln(k) = -Ea/RT

Question 64

3 amino acids that have an isoelectric point not the average of their two lowest pKa's

Answer 64

Arg, His, Lys | + charged side chains

Question 65

U(translation)

Answer 65

UT = (3/2)nRT

Question 66

U(rotation)

Answer 66

``` UR = nRT (linear polyatomic) UR = (3/2)nRT (nonlinear polyatomic) ```

Question 67

U(vibration)

Answer 67

UV = nRT in high T limit

Question 68

U(electronic)

Answer 68

UE = 0

Question 69

Dulong & Petit Law

Answer 69

Limiting value of heat capacity of a solid is 3R at high T

Question 70

Debye modification to Einstein solids

Answer 70

Low T heat capacity is proportional to T^3