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chem 103 > p block elements > Flashcards

p block elements Flashcards

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1
Q

what are natural sources of boron

A

borate minerals like borax

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2
Q

why do some heavy elements like Tl have an ON of +1

A

due to the inert pair effect

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3
Q

what is the inert pair effect

A

the tendency of heavier main group elements to retain their valence s electrons in bonding situations leading to greater stability of lower oxidation states

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4
Q

what is d block/f block contraction

A

it occurs due to the poor shielding effect of the d and f electrons, and results in smaller atomic radii for elements in these blocks

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5
Q

what configuration do group 13 elements have

A

ns2np1

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6
Q

what oxidation state do group 13 elements commonly have

A

+3

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7
Q

what are industrial applications of boron

A

boric acid (H3BO3), used for disinfectant, insecticide, or a starting material for fiber glass, and boron containing glasses (borsilicate glasses) which are resistant to thermal shock

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8
Q

what is bauxite

A

a hydrated form of Al2O3

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9
Q

how do we convert bauxite to Al

A

reduction

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10
Q

what is common of aluminum alloys

A

they are strong, lightweight, and when oxidized are resistant to corrosion

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11
Q

what is the only common oxidation state of Al

A

+3

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12
Q

what configurations do group 15 elements have

A

ns2np3

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13
Q

what are the oxidation states of nitrogen and phosphorus

A

-3 to +5

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14
Q

why is nitrogen unreactive

A

it has a strong triple bond

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15
Q

what is white phosphorus

A

it is a white, waxy, highly toxic solid with a low melting point. it glows faintly

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16
Q

what is the structure of white phosphorus

A

discrete tetrahedral p4 clusters

17
Q

why is P4 highly reactive

A

it’s narrow bond angles of 60° are incompatible with any localized bonding scheme, so the bonds are strained

18
Q

is P4 polar

A

no

19
Q

what is red phosphorus

A

a red non-toxic solid with a high melting point and its structure consists of polymeric chains of clusters where bonds are no longer strained

20
Q

how do we extract phosphorus

A

through a reduction process

21
Q

what oxidation states does phosphorus exhibit in its 2 common oxides

A

+3 and +5

22
Q

what is nitrous/phosphorous acid

A

a weak acid with N/P in the +3 oxidation states

23
Q

what is nitric acid

A

a strong acid with N in the +5 oxidation states, it is also a strong oxidizing agent

24
Q

what is phosphoric acid

A

a weak acid with P in the +5 oxidation state

25
Q

what electron configuration do elements in the group 16 have

A

ns2np4

26
Q

what oxidation state does sulfur exhibit in covalent compounds

A

-2 to +6

27
Q

are O2 and O3 paramagnetic or diamagnetic

A

O2: paramagnetic
O3: diamagnetic

chem 103 (3 decks)

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