(P) atherosclerosis

Question 1

what are the modifible risk factors

Answer 1

1. hypertension
2. hyper L
3. diabetes (hyperG)
4. smoking
5. CRP
6. hyperhomocysteinemia
7. METABOLIC syndrome
8. Lipoprotein a

Question 2

explain why the modifiable risk factors can lead to ath

Answer 2

1. hypertension - increased arterial wall tension, disturbed endothelium (x2 risk of IHD)
2. hyper L
3. diabetes (hyperG) - raised circulating cholesterol, increasing risk of stroke, PVD, MI
4. smoking - impaired endothelium dependent vasodilation thought be due to NO availability
5. CRP - secreted by cells in the plaque, activating endothelial cells, resulting in a prothrombotic state
6. hyperhomocysteinemia - homocysteine degrades and inhibits the fromation of collagena dn elastin in arteries
7. METABOLIC syndrome - (dysL, hyperG, hypt, increased abdominal adiposity) leading t o increased risk of stroke, CVD, T2DM, due to chronic, low-grade inflammaition, nedothelial dysfunction
8. Lipoprotein a - trnasports atherogenic, preoinflammatory oxidised phospholipis, attracting inflmm cells to veseel wal, causing SM proliferating and accerelating atheroscelroris

Question 3

what are the name sof hte 2 heart studies

Answer 3

Framingham heart study
Interheart study

Question 4

what are the major clinical consequences of atherosclerosis

Answer 4

1. MI
2. CI
3. AA
4. PVD (peripheral vascular disease)
5. renal artery stenois

Question 5

what are the most to least affected vessels of the body

Answer 5

abdominal aorta, cornary artery, popliteal artery, internal carotid, circle of willis

Question 6

what are the complications of atherosclerosis dependent on? (there’s 3 things)

Answer 6

1. Size of vessel
2. Plaque stability / size
3. Degree of disruption of the plaque to the vessel