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Physics GCSE AQA > P-6 Waves > Flashcards

P-6 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are waves

A
  • Waves carry energy from one place to another , they can also carry information
  • Waves do not transfer any matter
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2
Q

What are the types of wave and whats the difference

A
  • Waves may be either transverse or longitudinal
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3
Q

What s a transverse wave

A
  • Transverse waves babe sideways vibrations
  • The vibrations are at perpendicular angle to the direction of energy transfer
  • Most waves- include, ripples in water - is not water that moves
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4
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A
  • They have vibrations parallel to the energy transfer. They compress and refract
  • An example os sound waves
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5
Q

What are oscillation

A
  • The movements, vibrations, in waves
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6
Q

What is the equation for wave speed

A
  • Wave speed = Frequency x wavelength

v = f x w
v- speed- m/s
f- Frequency- hertz- Hz
w- wavelength- m

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7
Q

What is amplitude

A

The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its undisturbed position

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8
Q

What is wavelength

A
  • Wavelength of a wave is the distance from one point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave
  • The distance between two waves
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9
Q

What is meant by frequency

A
  • Frequency of a wave is the number of waves that passes through a point per second
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10
Q

What is meant by wave period

A

Amount of time it takes for a full cycle of the wave

period = 1/ frequency- given

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11
Q

How do you measure the speed of sound waves

A
  • Set up the oscilloscope so the detected waves at each microphone are shown as operate
  • Start with both microphones next to the speaker, slowly move one away until two waves are aligned on the misplay but have moved exactly one wavelength apart
  • Measure the distance between the microphones to find one wavelength
  • Use formula to find speed. Frequency is what you set the generator at
  • The speed is around 330m/s-check
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12
Q

What is the method to find the speed of ripples on water

A
  • using single generator attached, you can create water at a set frequency
  • Use a strobe light to see wave crests
  • Increase frequency of strobe light until patter on screen appears to stop moving- When this happens frequency of stone light is equal to frequency of waves
  • Strobe allows measure still pattern
  • Distance between each shadow light is one wavelength. measure distance between 10 and divide to find average
  • Calculate speed of waves
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13
Q

-What are electromagnetic waves-

A
  • Traverse waves that transfer energy from source to an absorber
  • Forma continuos spectrum
  • All types of electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum
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14
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum

A
  • Electromagnetic Waves are organised are grouped into spectrum
  • Organised by frequency and wavelength
  • Goes from from short to high wavelength
  • Our eyes only detect visible light
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15
Q

List all the electromagnetic waves from shortest to longest

A
  • Radio
  • MICrowaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X rays
  • Gamma rays
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16
Q

What are some examples of electromagnetic waves

A
  • Camp fire- transfers emerge to its surroundings using infrared radiation
  • Radio waves transfer kinetic energy stores of electrons in radio receivers- generates electrical current
17
Q

What are the three ways substances may deal with electromagnetic waves

A
  • Absorb- transfer to other energy stores.
  • Transmitted- wave carries on traveling.
  • Reflected- where the incoming ray is sent back- echo
  • Depends on wavelength and material
18
Q

-Why does refraction happen

A
  • When a wave crosses a boundary it changes speed
  • IF it is traveling along the normal it will not be refracted-
  • IF it hits it at an angle it changes direction and it is refracted
  • Wavelength changes, frequency stays
19
Q

What factors change the level of refraction

A
  • IT depends on the change in speed between the boundary

- The higher the density the slower the wave travels- general

20
Q

What is optical density

A
  • TH measure of how quickly light can travel through
21
Q

How doHow do wave front diagrams show refraction

A
  • Wave front is a line showing all of the point on a wave that are in the same position after a given number of wavelengths
  • When a wave crises a boundary at an angle only part of it crosses it first
  • IF its going into a denser material that part goes slower than the rest
  • Sop by the time the whole wave has passed through the faster part will have traveled further than the slower part
  • The difference in distance traveled is what causes the bend
  • Simply- the part still in the less dense area will move faster and a bend will show
22
Q
  • How are radio waves made-
A
  • BY oscillation in electric and magnetic field.
  • Radio waves are absorbed and may create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio waves
  • They can create oscillations
23
Q

How can you produce radio waves using an alternating circuit

A
  • The objects that oscillate to create the radio waves is called a transmitter
  • When radio waves in transmitter are received they are absorbed and transferred to electrons
  • Causes them to oscillate and alternating circuits created
  • Same frequency
24
Q

What are radio waves main use

A

Mainly used for communication- radio and TV

- Refracted around curved surface of earth - Long long wave up to 10km

25
Q

What are microwave waves use

A

Mainly uses include- Satellite and cooking food

  • Need to use microwaves that can pass through earth watery surfaces
  • Microwave use different wavelength - Need to be absorbed by water in food - Penetrate a few cm and water transfers hear
26
Q

what are inferred radiation’s uses

A

Used to increase and monster temperatures- Electrical heater , cooking, infrared cameras

  • Camera detects inferred camera, turn into electrical signal. Displayed
  • Absorbing inferred causes increasing temp- food temp increases and its cooked
  • Same way with heaters- long wire is heated and emitted and absorbed
27
Q
  • What is visible lights uses
A
  • Fiber optic communications
  • Optical fibres are thin glass or plastic fibres that carry data over long distances
  • Refraction of light rays bounced back until reach end of fibre
  • Not easily aboirbed or scatteed
28
Q

What are ultraviolet radiation

A
  • Fluorescence- where uv radiation is absorbed and visible light emitted-
  • Fluorescent lights generate uv which is absorbed and re-emmited- energy efficient
  • Suntain- UV ;a,ps
29
Q

What are the uses of X rays and Gamma rays

A
  • To see for broken bones
  • Easily pas through fees, but don’t mass through bone
  • Amount of radiation absorbed gives x ray photo
  • Cancer- high doses of rays kill living cells - directed towards cancer cells.
  • Medical tracer- gamma emitting source injected and tracked- refracted
30
Q

WHAT rays can have hazardous effects

A
  • X-rays, gamma and Ultraviolet
  • Human body tissue
  • Depends on type and dose.
31
Q

What effect does change in nuclei and atoms

A
  • Can result in electromagnetic waves being generated and absorbed over wide frequency range
  • Gamma rays originate from changes in Nuclei of atom
32
Q
  • How can the surface of an object have an effect on how much inferred radiation it emits- practical
A
  • A Leslie cuve is a hollow, watertight metal cube who’s four vertical faces have different surfaces
  • Place empty Leslie cube on heat proof mat and fill with boiling water- wait to hear up
  • Hold thermometer to each surface and see that all sides have the same temp
  • Hold inferred detector a set distance away from surface and record how much IR radiation tit emits- repeat using the same set distance
  • Should see more inferred from black surface than white one. And more from matt than shiny
  • Repeat to test reliability

Physics GCSE AQA (8 decks)

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