p. 498-506 Flashcards
T/F According to the CDC heart disease is the leading cause of death in both men an women accounting for 600,000 die each year
True
What is the most common type of heart disease responsible for more than 385,000 deaths each year
Coronary artery disease
In the US someone has a heart attack every
34 seconds
In the US a person dies from a heart disease event every
minute
Signs and symptoms of the many possible cardiac conditions, referred to as
cardiac compromise
this will destroy the clot and restore blood flow to the heart.
mechanical therapy or angioplasty
this is a condition that causes the smallest of arterial structures to become stiff and less elastic. Often referred to as “hardening of the arteries”
Arteriosclerosis
This is a form of Arteriosclerosis, that is a systemic arterial disease
Atherosclerosis
anthere means
gruel or porridge
scleros means
hard
this is an inflammatory disease that starts within the innermost lining of the blood vessels, where endothelial cells become damaged
atherosclerosis
the buidup of fatty deposits is also known as
atherosclerosis
when a patient has a buildup of fatty deposits on the inside of the coronary arteries, the condition is called
coronary artery disease
fatty deposits reduce the coronary arteries ablilty to
dialate or become larger and deliever blood flow to the heart
this syndrome is a result from a variety of conditions that can affect the heart in which the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded by fat deposits, clots, or spasm.
acute coronary syndrome
the word acute refers to
sudden onset
the word coronary refers to
condition affecting coronary arteries
The word syndrome refers to
a group of signs and symptoms produced by the condition.
name the 2 conditions that are part of any acute coronary syndrome
unstable angina myocardial infraction (heart attack)
a heart muscle not receiving an adequate amount of oxygenated blood because of the narrowing of coronary arteries by plaque or spasms, clot formation inside the coronary artery blocking the blood flow results in
cardiac cell hypoxia
cardiac cell hypoxia is also known as
myocardial ischemia
myo refers to
muscles
cardio refers to
heart
this refers to a deficient supply of oxygenated blood
ischemia
myocardial ischemia is a state in which there is
inadequate delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle
a typical response of the heart to ischemia in a patient is
chest discomfort
this is a symptom commonly associated with coronary artery disease which literally means pain in the chest
angina pectoris
this term indicates angina discomfort that is prolonged and worsening, or that occurs without exertion and when patient is at rest
unstable angina
classic angina is typically relieved with rest and
nitroglycerin
stedy discomfort in the chest described as pressure, tightness, aching discomfort in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, back cool, clammy skin anxiety dyspnea diaphoresis indigestion pain
signs and symptoms of:
angina pectoris
this occurs when a portion of the heart muscle dies because of the lack of an adequate supply of oxygenated blood
acute myocardial infraction
this occurs when when a weakened section of the aortic wall begins to dialate or ballon outward from the pressure exerted by the blood flowing through the vessel (most often occurs in the abdominal region)
aortic aneurysm
this occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining of the aorta and blood enters the opening and causes separation of the layers of the aortic wall (most often occurs in the area of the thorax)
aortic dissection
If aortic dissection is suspected do we administer aspirin?
NO
T/F coronaty artery disease in females is the single largest cause of death in the US
True
the restoration of blood to an area of tissue that was once ischemic from low blood flow or occlusion of a vessel is called
reperfusion
the free radicals that directly damage cell membranes and other cellular components is called
reperfusion injury
higher oxygen levels in the blood result in an (increase or decrease) in the production of damaging free radicals and greater cell and tissue death
increase
T/F hyperoxygenating the acute coronary syndrome patient may lead to greater cardiac cell damage and death
True
heart failure is either categorized as
left ventricular or right ventricular failure
T/F capillaries in the lungs are the site of gas exchange with the alveoli
True
when pressure in the capillaries is increased, fluid begins to leak out between the capillary and alveoli, the fluid collects between the capillary and alveloli and distal bronchioles which causes the space between the capillary and the alveoli to widen. this condition is referred to as
pulmonary edema
the right side of the heart may fail due to
failure of the left side of the heart or hypertension
this is a medical diagnosis that refers to the condition in which there is a build-up of fluid in the body resulting from the pump failure of the heart.
congestive heart failure (CHF)
treatment for a patient with heart failure or acute myocardial infraction includes
ensure open airway
provide positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen
