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Question 1

What is the general function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Oxigenación de la sangre: HEMATOSIS.

Hematosis is the process of gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 2

Where does hematosis specifically occur?

Answer 2

En la membrana alveolo-capilar.

This is the area between the pulmonary alveoli and the surrounding blood capillaries.

Question 3

What are the components of the upper airway?

Answer 3

Faringe, Laringe, Tráquea.

These structures are essential for conducting air to the lower respiratory tract.

Question 4

What is the role of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

Cavidad nasal se divide en 2 fosas nasales.

It functions in filtering, warming, and humidifying the air.

Question 5

What are the three types of nasal conchae?

Answer 5

Cornete nasal superior, medio, inferior.

These structures are involved in air filtration and humidification.

Question 6

What bones form the superior and middle nasal conchae?

Answer 6

Hueso etmoides.

The ethmoid bone is a pneumatic and irregular bone.

Question 7

What is the significance of the mucosa in the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

Permite el contacto indirecto con la sangre (CALENTAMIENTO).

The mucosa helps to warm the inspired air to body temperature.

Question 8

What type of airflow occurs in the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

FLUJO TURBULENTO.

Turbulent flow allows for more contact time between air and mucosa compared to laminar flow.

Question 9

What type of airflow occurs in the oral cavity?

Answer 9

FLUJO LAMINAR.

Laminar flow is faster and less effective at warming and humidifying air.

Question 10

What is the anatomical continuation of the pharynx?

Answer 10

Esófago.

The esophagus is part of the digestive system, connecting to the pharynx.

Question 11

What is the function of the pleura in the respiratory system?

Answer 11

Cubiertas membranosas de los pulmones.

The pleura is a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.

Question 12

What is the area of gas exchange in the lungs called?

Answer 12

Membrana alveolo-capilar.

This area facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 13

True or False: The nasal cavity has a smaller space for airflow compared to the oral cavity.

Answer 13

True.

This smaller space increases the contact time with the mucosa.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The space through which air passes in the nasal cavity is _______.

Answer 14

infimo.

This limited space creates a turbulent airflow.

Question 15

What is the function of the bronchi?

Answer 15

Conducir el aire hacia los pulmones.

The bronchi are the main passageways that branch from the trachea into the lungs.

Question 16

What happens to the air temperature as it passes through the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

Aumenta hasta lograr la temperatura corporal (37).

The nasal mucosa plays a crucial role in warming the air.

Question 17

What anatomical structures are involved in the pleuropulmonary region?

Answer 17

Pulmones y sus cubiertas membranosas.

This region includes the lungs and the pleura surrounding them.

Question 18

What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

Answer 18

Músculo principal en la inhalación.

The diaphragm contracts to allow air to enter the lungs.

Question 19

What is bronchoconstriction?

Answer 19

Contracción de la musculatura lisa bronquial.

This process can occur in response to cold air, affecting airflow.

Question 20

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 20

It prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing

The epiglottis is a flap that covers the larynx when swallowing.

Question 21

What is the hyoid bone?

Answer 21

A bone located in the neck that supports the tongue

It is unique because it does not articulate with any other bones.

Question 22

What are the false vocal cords also known as?

Answer 22

Cuerdas Vocales Falsas or Bandas Ventriculares

They do not produce sound but help in protecting the airway.

Question 23

What is the vestibule of the larynx?

Answer 23

The entry of the larynx between the base of the epiglottis and the vestibular folds

It is the upper part of the larynx.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a cartilaginous structure that forms the lower part of the larynx.

Answer 24

Cartilago Cricoides

Question 25

What connects the trachea to the larynx?

Answer 25

Cricotracheal ligament

This ligament supports the connection between these two structures.

Question 26

What is the role of the vocal ligaments?

Answer 26

They are involved in sound production

They are also known as true vocal cords.

Question 27

What is the trachea?

Answer 27

A fibrocartilaginous tube reinforced by incomplete cartilaginous rings

It measures about 10-12 cm in length.

Question 28

True or False: The subglottic space is located above the vocal folds.

Answer 28

False

The subglottic space is located below the vocal folds.

Question 29

What are the primary bronchi?

Answer 29

The first branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs

They divide into secondary bronchi.

Question 30

What is the intrathoracic pressure used for?

Answer 30

It aids in functions such as urination, defecation, and vaginal birth

This pressure is critical for various bodily functions.

Question 31

What is the significance of the carina?

Answer 31

It is the internal ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the bronchi

It is an important anatomical landmark.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The __________ is located between the vestibular folds and the vocal folds.

Answer 32

Ventrículo Laringeo

Question 33

What is located in the posterior part of the trachea?

Answer 33

Muscle tissue (músculo traquea)

This allows for flexibility and expansion of the trachea.

Question 34

What are the intercartilaginous ligaments?

Answer 34

Ligament intercartilaginoso or anulares

They connect the cartilages of the trachea.

Question 35

What is the mucosal lining of the trachea known as?

Answer 35

Mucosa traqueal

It plays a role in protecting the airway and trapping particles.