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1
Q

1844?

A

james k polk elected and westward expansion

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2
Q

1877?

A

end of reconstruction

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3
Q

mormons

A

religous group, went west for religous refuage, joseph smith NY dies, Brigham young

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4
Q

manifest destiny

A

belief that god wants us to expand and become a coast to coast nation. God given right

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5
Q

mexican american war 1846-48

A

1846-48, over boundary dispute, rio grande. USA takes a lot of land afterwards for west

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6
Q

mexican cession 1848

A

1848, land we get after war, most of sputhwest, treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

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7
Q

nativism

A

favoring “native” born americans over immigrants

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8
Q

Know nothings

A

secret nativist organization, anti catholic and anti immigrant, forms “American Party”

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9
Q

kansas nebraska act 1854

A

1854, popular sovenighnty in kansas and nebraska, goes wrong people kill eachother in streets bleeding kansas

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10
Q

lecompton constitution 1857

A

1857 pro slavery constitution for kansas gets turned down kansas free state

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11
Q

dred scott v sandford 1857

A

1857, supreme court case, slaves are property and are not US citizen so they can be taken anywhere and still be a slave, undoes all compromises. Roger Tancy

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12
Q

republican party 1854

A

1854 northern and western party no slavery in territories forms after whig party splits, after kansas nebraska, whig supports it other half doesnt.

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13
Q

lincoln douglas debates 1858

A

1858, stephen douglas and lincoln running for sentae seat for illlinois, douglas for pop, soveignty, abraham says no slavery in territories.

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14
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

illinois republican no slavery in terriotries, south is left alone, election prompts southern states to secede 7, then 4

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15
Q

fort sumter 1861-1865

A

1861 (1865 civil war ends) south carolina tries to cecede sees fort as their own attacks usa first, we lose, lincoln calls for volunteeers

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16
Q

13 amendement 1865

A

1865 abolishes slavery in all states and territories

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17
Q

14th amendment 1868

A

1868 makes all former slaves citizens, everyone equal protection under the law

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18
Q

15th amendment 1870

A

1870 gives all male citizens at least 21 the right to vote

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19
Q

radical republicans

A

punish south after civil war, president vs congress on who decideds reconstrucyion

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20
Q

compromise of 1877

A

official end of reconstruction, comes out of election of 1876, Samuel tilden vs ruferford B Hayes. Hayes gets southern votes by taking union troops out of south, no protection. Many things bar african americans to vote

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21
Q

sharecropping (tenant farming)

A

farmer not owning land, gets a small percent of proceeds is in debt to owner. Former slaves stayed on plantation, huge part of economy, poor whites and african americans

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22
Q

susan b anthony

A

abolitionist leader in womens suffrage

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23
Q

victoria woodhull

A

leader in womens suffrage movement 1st women to run for president

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24
Q

freedmans bureau 1865-1872

A

1865(end of civil war)-1872 fed agency established after civil war transition african americans into society

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25
Q

Hiram Revels

A

minister from missipipi 1st african american to run in senate

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26
Q

Blanche K. Bruce

A

1st non white represenative in senate to serve full tern

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27
Q

robert smalls

A

convinces lincoln to enlist african americans in war

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28
Q

carpetbagger

A

northerners who moved to the south to get ahead of buisness/economic/political opportunities

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29
Q

scalawag

A

describes white southeners who went along with the republican party

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30
Q

kkk

A

violent groups that used violence and intimidation to deny african americans their ageny and rights, grant gets rid of them

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31
Q

redeemers

A

white southern democrats who want to get other white democrats into power

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32
Q

black codes

A

laws that restricted african americans rights

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33
Q

civil rights acts of 1875

A

response to civil rights violations all mens equality are above the law

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34
Q

charles sumner

A

radical republican, was almost beaten to death in the senate

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35
Q

thaddeus stevens

A

radical republican

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36
Q

king cotton

A

confederates using to show that the south is finacially independent and europe needs them, so they should back the war.

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37
Q

antietam 1862

A

1862 made lincoln issue emancipation proclamation, union won

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38
Q

vicksburg 1863

A

1863 led to confederate surrender, forced into defensive lines

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39
Q

gettysburg 1863

A

1863 turning point in civil war ended southern aspirration to become a confederacy

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40
Q

march to the sea 1864

A

1864 tactic using scorched earth tearing the land apart and ruining anything used to help the south, crops, railroads etc

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41
Q

appomattox court house 1865

A

1865 where the confederacy surrenders officially

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42
Q

emancipatioon proclamation 1863

A

1863 lincoln excutive order that slaves currently rebelling are free, us army going across slavery liberates them

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43
Q

gettysburg address 1863

A

1863 dedicate national cemetary to fallen soliders and newly define the war

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44
Q

crittenden compromise 1860

A

1860 right afterlincons election last effort, brings back mmissouri compromise, failure

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45
Q

southern secession

A

alabama, florida, georgia, louisiana, misisiipi, texas, 7 secede right after

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46
Q

wilmot proviso 1846

A

1846 mexican american war starts, proposition any land we get after war no slavery is allowed

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47
Q

compromise of 1850

A

california free state, NM and Utah have popular soverignty, strict slave fugitive law, ban slave trade in DC

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48
Q

popular sovereignty

A

let citizens vote for whether they want slavery or not, very bad idea

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49
Q

fugitive slave law 1850

A

1850 law if slave escpaes north they can be recaptured

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50
Q

harpers ferry 1859

A

1859 john brown breaks into federal arsenal to steal weapons and give it to slaves to rebel, he gets captured and executed

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51
Q

free soil party

A

dont want slavery in new territories, gets absorbed into republican party

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52
Q

uncle toms cabin 1852

A

1852 book that showed people the truth of slavery in the south

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53
Q

peculiar institution

A

used in south antebellum to refer to slavery

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54
Q

slave codes

A

laws in south that established status of slaves

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55
Q

gadsden purchase 1853

A

1853 strip of land in NM and arizona to build southern transcontinental railroad

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56
Q

mariano vallejo

A

helped transition california to statehood

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57
Q

sand creek massacre 1864

A

1864 kissings of cheyenne and arapaho people by us army

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58
Q

commodore matthew perry

A

forced japan to trade with usa

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59
Q

california gold rush 1849

A

1849 made people rush to california to get gold

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60
Q

homestead act 1862

A

1862 government encouraging people to go out west, get number of acres for free have to farm for 5 years

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61
Q

pacific railway act 1862

A

1862 aided construction of railroad

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62
Q

promontory point utah 1869

A

1869 where the transcontonental railway point ended

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63
Q

annexation of texas 1845

A

1845 gains independence from mexico

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64
Q

oregon treaty 1846

A

1846 canada usa line border

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65
Q

1861

A

begining of civil war

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66
Q

1865

A

end of civil war

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67
Q

1800

A

first peaceful transfer of power and Thomas Jefferson elected federalists lose to democratic republicans

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68
Q

1848

A

Seneca falls convention and end of mexican american war

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69
Q

federalists

A

alexander hamilton, strong federal government pankers/people with money supported them

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70
Q

democratic republicans

A

thomas jefferson and james madison
weak federal government but strong states
supported by common man

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71
Q

hartford conventtion 1814

A

war od 1812 federalists have meeting, anti war threaten to cecede, backfires and party dies out

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72
Q

era of good feelings 1816-1824

A

only 1 political party, won against great britain overall lots of nationalism. President James Monroe

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73
Q

democrats

A

andrew jackson 1829 small federal government supported by common man

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74
Q

whig party

A

just to oppose andrew jackson morphs into republican party

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75
Q

andrew jackson

A

democrat leader 7th president 1st common man president

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76
Q

henry clay

A

leader of whig party proposes american system (eco self sufficiant) “Great compromiser” stopped civil war a lot

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77
Q

marbury v madison 1803

A

gives court judicial review looks at law passed by president and congress to see if its constitutional and can strike it down

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78
Q

judicial review

A

power to review laws to see if they constitutional

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79
Q

market economy

A

capitalism unregulated by government with laissez faire adam smith invisible hand

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80
Q

1815 american system

A

1815 henry clay plan to make us economically self sufficent causes tensions between north and south, high protective tariff, recharter us bank 2nd bank now

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81
Q

seneca falls convention 1848

A

declaration of sentiments all ways women are not equal and what women want

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82
Q

american colonization society 1817

A

wnats to end slavery gradualy, help slave owners free slaves and send them to africa

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83
Q

louisuiana purchase 1803

A

purchase from france, jefferson president, doubles size of government full control of Mississippi river violates political opinion to purchase land, dem-repub favored strict interpretation of constitutional

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84
Q

monroe doctrine 1823

A

james monroe, europe must stay out of western hemisphere no military to back up, very laughable

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85
Q

Missouri compromise 1820

A

1820 henry clay makes missouri slave state, then maine a free state. any state above 36 degrees 30’ line is free and below is slave state.

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86
Q

south carolina nullification crisis 1832-1833

A

fed government sets high tariff, south carolina refuses to do it, Jackson sends military and threatens action if no gives in

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87
Q

Daniel webster

A

cant nullify fed law

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88
Q

John C calhoun

A

Political leader south carolina pro nullification likes slavery

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89
Q

john marshall

A

lawyer and founding father 4th chief justice very influencial

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90
Q

albert gallatin

A

secretary under jefferson, limited government reduce debt by cutting spending

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91
Q

embargo act 1807

A

jefferson trying to get britain and france to respect our neutral trading rights. shuts down all international trade

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92
Q

panic 1819 and 1837

A

economic depressions, 2nd bank tightens credits jefferson mad shuts down bank very bad. north likes tariffs south does not

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93
Q

2nd bank of usa

A

henry clay recharter of hamiltons, andrew jackson hates it and destroys the bank.

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94
Q

lowell system

A

labor production system operaated by women/girls

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95
Q

samuel slater

A

industrialist “father of american revolution” designed the 1st textile mill in us

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96
Q

cyrus McCormick

A

founded McCormick harvesting machine company invented mechanical reaper

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97
Q

1837 john deere

A

founded Deere company invented 1st commercially successful steelplow 1837

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98
Q

baldwin locomotive works

A

american manufactuer of railway locomotives largest producer of steam locomotives

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99
Q

national trades union 1834

A

1st organization of american wage earners on national scale

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100
Q

cotton belt

A

region in south where cotton was the cash crop, developed the textile industry

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101
Q

mason-dixon line

A

line seperating pennsylvania and maryland, and delaware and virginia. border dispute boundary of northern and southern states.

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102
Q

2nd great awakening

A

protestant religous revival late 18th and early 19th century, founding universities

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103
Q

charles finney

A

controversial presbyterian minister and leader of 2nd great awakening promoted social reforms, abolition education for women

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104
Q

horace mann

A

education reformer, aboltionist and whig politician

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105
Q

neoclassism

A

art movement to evoke style of classical antiquity

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106
Q

1825-1875 hudson river school

A

1825-1875 american art movement influenced by romanticism

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107
Q

1820 1830 transcendentalism

A

philosophical, spiritual, literary movement 1820 1830 in new england, inherent goodneess of people and nature

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108
Q

ralph waldo emerson

A

american philospher abolitionist led transcendentalism

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109
Q

henry david thoreau

A

leading transcendentalist book reflection on simple living in natural surroundings

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110
Q

john james audubon

A

known for documenting birds french american

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111
Q

cult of domesticity

A

white upper class women true women preaching piety purity domesticity and submissiveness center of family

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112
Q

elizabeth cady stanton

A

activist and leader of womens rights authour declaration of sentiments

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113
Q

james forten

A

african american advocates for racial integration and equal rights

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114
Q

american anti slavery society

A

abolitionist society formed by William Lloyd Garrison, leader Fredrick Douglas

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115
Q

william lloyd garrison

A

radical abolitionist white from massachusetts “the liberator” newspaper

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116
Q

sojourner truth

A

female equivalanet of frederick douglas, abolitionist and feminist

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117
Q

liberty party 1840

A

1st antislavery party gets adopted into republican party

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118
Q

elijah lovejoy

A

abolitionist leader from illinois, killed by mob

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119
Q

richard allen

A

creates first african american denomination is US

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120
Q

david walker

A

abolitionist leader african americanpassed anti slavery messages

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121
Q

frederick douglas

A

former slave that escaped spoke out against slavery

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122
Q

erie canal 1817-1825

A

albany to buffalo largest artifical waterway

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123
Q

turnpikes

A

buisness corporations that maintained roads to collect fees from travelers

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124
Q

national road 1811

A

first highway built with federal funds in maryland promoted westward expansion

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125
Q

baltimore and ohio railroad 1828

A

1st common corrier railroad and oldest railroad in US

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126
Q

adams onis treaty 1819

A

signed with spanish that gives us florida

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127
Q

webster ashburton treaty 1842

A

1842 established US canada border

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128
Q

tecumesh

A

established indian confederacy deafted at battle of tippecanoe william henry harrison

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129
Q

indian removal act 1830

A

1830 fed law removes all native american tribes living east of mississipi river and moves them west of river. ANDREW JACKSON LOVES THIS LAW

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130
Q

1832 worcester v georgia

A

1832 individual states dont have power to enforce laws on lands not under state jurisdiction

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131
Q

1838-1850 trail of tears

A

1838-1850 forced march of cherokee people into “indian territory”

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132
Q

1754

A

start of french and indian war

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133
Q

1800

A

thomas jefferson elected president

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134
Q

french and indian war/seven years war

A

between britain and france france allied with natives, whos going to control north america, spills over into Europe

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135
Q

1763 british defeat of france 7 years

A

1763 treaty of paris ends wars, britain in debt so they tax colonies

136
Q

1763 pontiacs rebellian

A

1763 conflict between britain and native americans

137
Q

proclamation line of 1763

A

colonist not allowed to go west/follows appalachian mountain range, colonists mad

138
Q

1764 paxton boys

A

1764 marched philly intent on murdering british guys

139
Q

1764 sugar act

A

1764 tax on sugar , paying for war debt, mad about no representation to make on taxing

140
Q

1765 stamp act

A

1765 tax on paper and documents, lots of protests

141
Q

sons of liberty

A

secret organization to push back against stamp act samuel addams organized

142
Q

1766 declaratory act

A

1766 passed after stamp act was repealed soul and exclusive right to tax colonies

143
Q

1767 townshend acts

A

1767 tax goods that americans imported from great britain gets repealed 3 years later, colonists boycotted and harrased british, british sent troops to occupy boston.

144
Q

1767 letters from a pennsylvania farmer

A

1767 taxation w/o representaion is violating rights as englishmen john dickinson

145
Q

1770 boston massacre

A

1770 200 colonists taunting 7 british soliders, throwing stuff, soliders shoot into crowd and kill and injure people, propaganda

146
Q

1773 boston tea party

A

1773 british withdrew soliders from boston but placed tax on tea, props up british indian tea company, sons of liberty dress as natives and throw tea into ocean

147
Q

1774 1st continental congress

A

1774 pilly pensylvannia, every colony sent delegates ecxept georgis, securing rights as englishmen

148
Q

1775 battle of lexington and concord

A

1775 british general Thomas gage led forces from lexington to concord to capture colonial leaders, paul reverse spread word to be ready. ammericans shooting at british soliders stopped the british start of war

149
Q

1775 2nd continental congress

A

1775 in philly all colonies send delegates, goal raise an army and prepare colonies for war

150
Q

ben franklin

A

writer scientest inventor dipolmat negotaited treaty to end revolution leader during independence “treat of Alliance” w/France

151
Q

john locke

A

ideas influence declaration of independence, believe government based on the will of the people. right to life, liberty, property (pursuit of happiness)

152
Q

the enlightenment age of reason

A

18th century, logic and reasoning “why” locke

153
Q

republican form of government

A

system where free people govern themselves through elected representatives
democracy where “YOU” have a direct say in everything

154
Q

1776 common sense

A

thomas paine 1776 pamphlet to get people to join independence

155
Q

1776

A

declaration of independence jul 4 (2) drafted by 2nd continential congress wrote by thomas jefferson, and also john addams and franklin

156
Q

adam smith

A

market system invisible hand economy based on competition

157
Q

george washington

A

1st president commander of continntial congress founding father

158
Q

1777 battle of saratoga

A

1777 turning point in war lifted morale and helped secure foreign support

159
Q

1778 treaty of alliance

A

1778 military alliance with france formallized french recognition of US independence

160
Q

1781 battle of yorktown

A

1781 british surrender and birth of the USA!!!!!!!! last majot battle cornwall surrenders to washington

161
Q

treaty of paris 1783

A

king george 3 and representaives of USA offically end war, 13 colonies re recognized and free and independent states. Ben franklin, john adams, john jay

162
Q

mercy otis warren

A

american activist attacked royal authority with poems and plays pioneer in womens rights

163
Q

abigail adams

A

wife and advisor to john adams (2nd presendint) advocates for womens education and rights

164
Q

articles of confederation

A

very weak 1st constitution government had limited powers
no army, charge taxes (only states) print currency (only states) states to dont have to listen to congress rulings as mediator. to amend unanimous consent of all states

165
Q

government branches

A
  1. legislature/congress
  2. executive/president
  3. judicial/courts
166
Q

1786-1787 shays rebellion

A

1786-1787 farmers in debt because of taxes revolts against government, elites get scared because they ned a new government to keep the poor in line

167
Q

constitutional convention 1787

A

philly every state sends delegates james madison comes up w/ broad architecture of constitution

168
Q

great compromise

A

madison comes up w/ it
congress w/ 2 houses 1 house representatives (based on pop.) and senate. every state gets 2 senators

169
Q

anti-federalists

A

against constitution, gave federal government too much power, didnt have any rights explicitly said

170
Q

1787-1788 federalist papers

A

1787-1788 85 essays written by alexander hamilton (and john jay and james madison) goal to get anti-federalists on board and the people

171
Q

ratification of constitution and creation of new government 1788-1789

A

takes effect 1789 republican form and federalism

172
Q

george washington (again)

A

1st president serves two terms and voluntarily steps down

173
Q

juducuary act of 1789

A

established supreme court and other federal courts john jay as chief justice

174
Q

1791 bill of rights

A

1791 10 amendements, pleases anti federalists

175
Q

john adams (again?)

A

founding father became ambassador to britain, 1st vice president and 2nd president

176
Q

hamilton finacial plan

A

1st secretary of treasurery set up finances and get economy going, has fed government take all o the states debts and establishes the bank of the united states

177
Q

1st bank of USa

A

privatly owned bank, 1st commercial bank, based in philly on a 20 year charter

178
Q

whiskey rebellion

A

protest by farmers in pennsylvania, federal tax of whiskey, washington calls militia to shut it down

179
Q

1798 alien and sedition acts

A

1798 2 laws passed by congress and president addams, prevented immigranst from partaking in politics. illegal to critizize federalist party or speak ill of government violates 1st amendment

180
Q

virginia and kentucky resolutions

A

1798 by thomas jefferson and james madison say the alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional, solution states should be able to ignore or nullify law, supreme court gets power to nullify laws

181
Q

1793 proclamation of neutrality

A

1793, washington proclaims beutrality w/o saying we are neutral angers france since we are allies w/france. not shipping weapons to them

182
Q

1795 pinckeys treaty

A

1795 defined border between usa and spanish france, guaranteed us navigation rights on Mississippi river

183
Q

1795 jays treaty

A

1795 between us and britaion resolved issues and had 10 peaceful years of trade, took place during french revolution, angered france and divided americans (federalists and democratic republicans)

184
Q

1797 xyz affar

A

1797 failed negotiantions with france undeclared war at sea

185
Q

1796 washingtons farewell address

A

1796 wrote it at end of his 2nd term, warn americans against political parties, remain neutral, and celebrate achievements

186
Q

federalist party

A

alexander hamilton 1st political power of usa, conservative and nationalist, national bank beliefs were a strong central government, opposed war/france

187
Q

democratic republican party

A

thomas jefferson and james madison beliefs were liberatiom, republicanism, individual liberty, equal rights, decentralization free markets, free trade.
hostile to britain and sympathized w/ france opposed federalist beliefs

188
Q

thomas jefferson

A

governer of virginia, represenative at house of burgesses, prominent in politics, US minister ot france secretary of state for washington and vice president to john adams

189
Q

james madison

A

elected in virginia legislature, reprsented virginia in continetial congress helped draft the constitun and bill of rights

190
Q

alexander hamilton

A

supported independence aide to washington, served delegate from new york, bank of new york, and 1st secretary of the treasury

191
Q

1780 pennsylavia gradual emancipation law

A

1780 pennsylania bans slavery any child born after 1780 would be considered free, most states in north pass similar laws

192
Q

iroquois confederation

A

native tribes across upper new york 6/5

193
Q

1794 battle of fallen timbers and treaty of greenville

A

1794 final battle of indians usa won, 1795 treaty between usa and tribes of northwest, redefined boundary

194
Q

northwest ordiances

A

only law passed under articles of conferderation, promoted public education, protection of private property, admitting new states, and ban on slavery in northwest territory

195
Q

1607

A

founding of jamestown

196
Q

casta system

A

social structure based on racial identity

197
Q

mulatto

A

white parent and black parent, black mom enslaved, white free

198
Q

metis

A

one native american parent and 1 white parent

199
Q

1630-1640 great migration to massachusetts new england

A

1630-1640 started by john winthrop comes over w/700 colonists

200
Q

pilgrims new england

A

“separatists” coming to new world for religious freedoms, mayflower ship 1620 plymouth massachusetts

201
Q

puritans new england

A

english protestants, viewed church of england as too liberal set up colony that serves as a model of christian principles “community of saints” “city upon a hill”

202
Q

providence, rhode isalnd 1636 new england

A

roger williams founder, religous freedoms leave massachusetts goes to rhode island, 1st instance of church and state seperation

203
Q

1682 pennsylvania middle

A

1682 founded by quakers, william penn got charter from king, grant right to freedmen to have a say in the government

204
Q

quakers middle

A

religous group, ahead of the time for social issues opposed to slavery commited to religious freedom

205
Q

chesapeake southern and british west indies

A

refers to 2 colonies Maryland and virginia

206
Q

Jamestown

A

1607 1st permanent english settlement, john smith, virgina, london company joint stock company started it

207
Q

john rolfe

A

starts growing tocacco, makes virginia very wealthy

208
Q

indentured servitude

A

form of labor gets replaced by african slavery voluntary almost like slavery but for 7 years debt

209
Q

headright system

A

recruitment for people already in new world, for every laboprer they were given 50 acres

210
Q

1732 georgia

A

1732 james oglethorpe, last of the 13 colonies to be founded, founded because people were broke and couldnt pay debt

211
Q

mercantilism

A

economic system countries establish colonies to get rich, theory that there is a finate amount of money and you need to get as much as possible

212
Q

triangular trade

A

north america gives raw materials to Europe, finished products to Africa, slaves to north america, disease

213
Q

metacoms war 1675-1676 king philips war

A

chief of pokunoket people, last big resistance of natives in new england against the English

214
Q

pueblos revolt

A

1680 santa fe against spanish drove out spaniards, 12 years later spanish take back oueblo, mainly for freedom of the encomienda system

215
Q

first africans brought to america

A

1619, dutch brought them 1st came with 20 expands to millions, 1680 onwards slavery rises

216
Q

chattel slavery

A

common form of slavery, people considered legal property

217
Q

1739 stono rebellion

A

1739 slargest slave insurrection south carolina, killed overseerers, got killed by colonists

218
Q

1741 new york conspiracy

A

1741 plot (may be fake) by slaves and poor whites to revolt and level new york

219
Q

1619 house of burgesses

A

1619 virginia 1st represenative government, on our own

220
Q

mayflower compact 1620

A

1st social contract in new world signed by 31 males on mayflower get political rights as long as you follow the laws

221
Q

1649 maryland toleration act

A

1649 law in Maryland, guarantee religous tolerance for all christian denominations provided they believe in the trinity

222
Q

1686 establishment of the dominion of new england

A

1686 king james 2 took 5 colonies and appointed 1 royal governor to look after them all people complain and he dissolves it 3 years (conneticut. rhode island, new jersey, and new york)

223
Q

enlightenment (age of reason) again?

A

reason and science started getting valued more than god, fact based reason and inquiry

224
Q

1730s-1760s great awakening

A

1730s-1760s religoes devovion were revived, protestant beliefs

225
Q

george whitefield

A

founded the methodist movement, defendent rights of black people

226
Q

jonathan edwards

A

minister delivered very famous sermon

227
Q

1676 bacons rebellion

A

1676 armed rebellion in virginia againsy British William Berkeley, great britian sends troops to shut it down

228
Q

1689 leislers rebellion

A

1689 against royal officials of the dominion of new england leader jacob leisler, captured 1689 crown dissolves it all

229
Q

1699 wool act

A

1699 britsh made it illegal for us to export wool to any country other than britain

230
Q

molasses act 1733

A

law to tax molasses, sugar, and rum

231
Q

1651-1696 navigation acts

A

1651-1696 attempt by britain to exert more control over trading so it benefits britian more

232
Q

salutary neglect

A

unofficial brittish policy, dont enfore trade laws, making colonies more independent and confident bold

233
Q

presidents

A

william henry harrison
john tyler
james polk
zachary taylor
millard fillmore
franklin pierce
james buchanan
abraham lincoln
andrew johnson
ulysses s. grant
rutherford b hayes
james garfield

234
Q

1491

A

pre christopher columbus

235
Q

1607

A

1st permanent english settlement jamestown

236
Q

pueblo

A

native group living in present day south west, the people or house dwelling

237
Q

chinook

A

pacific northwest oregan etc

238
Q

iroquois

A

present day northeast pennsylvania new york

239
Q

algonquin

A

largest in area they covered atalntic coast to great lakes

240
Q

columbian exchange

A

1492 starts NA, E, and A trade crops,people,animals(horses), and dieseases

241
Q

feudalism

A

social and economic system in europe, ownership of land, no land no money

242
Q

capitalism

A

social and economic system in new world, structured by goods and labor, becomes dominant structure

243
Q

joint stock companies

A

buisness owned by share holders, responsible for exploring and colonizing, investing in new world w/o going

244
Q

sextant

A

instrument measured angle of horizon and celestial object in sky, makes navigation easeier

245
Q

astrolabe

A

navigation tool measure position of relative to stars measures longitude

246
Q

christopher columbus

A

trying to find asia but “found” new world, italian explorer asked spain to fund trip

247
Q

juan ponce de leon

A

spanish conquistador lead 1st official european expedition to puerto rico in 1508, florida 1513, came w/ columbus on 2nd expedition 1493

248
Q

1565 st augustine

A

1565 longest continually inhadited european founded city in us, 1st permanent english settlement by Don Pelo/d menedez

249
Q

walter raleigh

A

helped establish a colony near roanke island

250
Q

1586 roanoke

A

1586 attempt to found a permanent english settlement “lost colony of roanke”

251
Q

encomienda system

A

regulate and control native americans, slavery (basically), recruiting tool for spanish to come to new world

252
Q

mestizo

A

caste system both european and native american

253
Q

zambo

A

african and native american ancestry

254
Q

juan de sepulveda

A

spaniard very on board w/spanish missions

255
Q

bartolome de las casas

A

priest believes whats happeing in new world is wrong

256
Q

juan de onate

A

1st govener of new mexico, kills a lot of native americans, very brutal

257
Q

maroons

A

african refugees escape slvery ggoes to brazil

258
Q

1890

A

end of indian wars, frontier closes and beginning of american imperialism

259
Q

1945

A

end of ww2 beginning of cold war

260
Q

wright brothers 1903

A

created first successful airplane

261
Q

progressive era 1901-1917

A

fix problems from industrial revolution, teddy Roosevelt starts, laissez faire goes away, ends when US gets involved in ww1

262
Q

northern securities company 1904

A

railroad monopoly, farmers affected, teddy Roosevelt breaks it up uses Sherman anti trust act correctly

263
Q

closing of the Frontier 1890

A

no more frontier, god says expand outward

264
Q

Roosevelt corollary 1904

A

teddy, same thing as monroe doctrine, we now have the military might to back this up, Gunload policy

265
Q

dollar diplomacy

A

president tafts way of dealing with world around us, economic power influencing other countries.

266
Q

1914 and 1917

A

ww1 starts 1917 when usa joins,

267
Q

ww1

A

1914 us declares neutrality, Lusitania sinks british passenger due to germans. we mad. zimmerman telegram forces us into ww1

268
Q

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

A

name of fighting forces we send to france, general john j. Pershing led it

269
Q

treaty of versailles 1919

A

peace treaty that ends ww1, bad peace treaty, 100% blamed on germany, hard on morale and had to pay war fines, insanely high, army only 100,000 troops lose a ton of territory

270
Q

league of nations

A

precursor to the UN, good idea but Britain and France only care about revenge, 1 of wilsons 14 points. Senate doesn’t want to join, collapses after ww1

271
Q

great migration of african americans

A

6 million african americans go out of south to northeast, midwest, and west 1910-1970, away from segregation and economic.

272
Q

great depression 1929-1941

A

ww2 ended it, worst economic collapse ever, very high unemployment 1 in 4, buisnesses and banks fail, too much supply not enough demand. hoover was nothing

273
Q

fdr new deal 1933-1945

A

get us out of depression, relief-provide most basic needs, recovery-any program to get people a job, reform designed to prevent it again

274
Q

new deal program to stimulate economic activity

275
Q

neutrality acts 1935-1939

A

series of laws that made it illegal for us to get diplomacy involved w/ nations at war, don’t distinguish between aggressor countries and victim countries, after germany invades poland we quickly repeal acts

276
Q

pearl harbor 1941

A

japanese attacks territory of Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, Dec 7, 8 is when we officially declare war

277
Q

japanese american internment 1942

A

putting japanese americans into camps was seen as national security issue, rights were taken away. Koremats vs united states loses. Regan formally apologizes

278
Q

model t ford and assembly line

A

henry ford 1st mass productions of car, affordable, assembly line manufacturing gets faster w/ less labor

279
Q

charles lindbergh 1927

A

american aviator 1st nonstop flight from new york to paris

280
Q

muckrakers

A

“investigative journalists” exposing corruption, showing the people we have a problem. Lincoln Steffens shame of the cities, upton sinclair the jungle, jacob riis, ida tarbell

281
Q

florence kelly

A

women, suffrage co founder of naacp

282
Q

square deal

A

roosevelt “catchphrase” square deal is a fair deal, wanted to be fair to everybody

283
Q

pure food and drug act 1906 meat inspection act

A

food and medicine companies list their ingredients and makes meat safer for consumption.

284
Q

election of 1912

A

bullmoose progrssive party, wilson wins democrat

285
Q

new nationalism

A

TR progressive campaign plan breaks up monopolies changed stance for government control.

286
Q

new freedom

A

wilson woodrows campaign monopolies bad break them up threat to people

287
Q

underwood tariff 1913

A

wilson signs tariif gets lowered lost revenue 16th amendment graduated income tax

288
Q

federal reserve act 1913

A

up currency is stored in nearly one place, reserve sets an interest rate to prevent panics, 12 federal banks across country

289
Q

clayton antitrust act 1914

A

same as sherman anti trust act but defines what a monopoly prohibits going after unions and farmers

290
Q

federal trade commision 1914

A

wilson investigate illegal business practices

291
Q

16, 17, 18 19th amendments

A

federal income tax, election of senators, prohibition, vote for womens

292
Q

alfred thayer mahan

A

wrote book influence of sea power on history, t roosevelt read and increased naval might.

293
Q

yellow journalism

A

exagerated journalistic practices, clickbait, stretched the truth

294
Q

USS maine

A

us ship that exploded in havana harbor, blames on spain

295
Q

Filipino rebellion 1899-1902

A

1 year after spanish american war, takes filipines from spain, aaguinldo leader gets crushed. hold control until ww2

296
Q

spanish american war 1898

A

quick in the pacific we destroy all spain navy, gain territories cuba, puerto rico, guam, filipines. insular cases people there don’t get our constitutional rights. rough riders unit with t roosevelt.

297
Q

hay bunaau varilla treaty 1903

A

gives us right to build Panama canal

298
Q

14 points 1918

A

wilsons 14 idead on how to prevent ww2 none are listened to except 14th which is league of nations

299
Q

espionage act of 1917 and sedition act of 1918

A

illegal to encourage disloyalty to usa and illegal to criticize government through writing.

300
Q

schenk v usa

A

1st commandment rights are not absolute

301
Q

palmer raids and sacco and vanzetti

A

targetys people, lots get deported, immigrants, communist, radical. self explained anarchists, accused of muder, executed but protests broke out

302
Q

gentlemans agreement

A

informal agreement between usa and japan, no japanese laborers to usa so no restrictions on japanese immigrants

303
Q

national origins act 1924

A

prevented immigration from assia, and set quotas on eastern and southern Europe immigrants

304
Q

harlem renaissance

A

intelectual and cultural revival of african american culture etc

305
Q

jelly roll morton

A

1 true jazz composer

306
Q

louis armstrong

A

very influential in jazz, popular bridged gap of black and white people

307
Q

ashcan school

A

art movement in NYC

308
Q

edward hopper

A

artist of american life and landscapes

309
Q

kkk march on washington 1925

A

puts pressure on governemt to limit immigration, hate african americans, immigration, catholics, jews

310
Q

fundamentalism vs modernism

A

religion v science where we came from bible literally of figurativly, scopes monkey trial

311
Q

prohibitoon 1920-1933

A

production of alcohol illegal 18th illegal 21st repeals

312
Q

stock market crash 1929

A

signals start of depression, black tuesday, whole world goes down, people pulled money out of banks, everything crashed.

313
Q

hawley smoot tariff 1930

A

hoover attempt to do something, makes everything worse, highest traiff ever other countries refuse to trade with us

314
Q

reconstruction finance coporation 1932 (election year)

A

hoover gives money to banks, life insurance, and railroads but its too late

315
Q

bonus march

A

ww1 veterns march goes bad military forces them out they want money

316
Q

glass steagall act

A

made commercial banks illegal to take their holdings (our money) and invent on wallstreet

317
Q

federal deposit insurance corporation FDIC 1933

A

prevents panics and fed gov insures our saving deposits

318
Q

securities and exchange commision 1934

A

regulates financial markets, after illegal buisness practices

319
Q

wagner act 1935

A

national labor relations act protects workers right to organize and bargain with employees

320
Q

court packing plan

A

fdr thtreatens to pack court full of judges that support him, supreme court stops going after his new deal plans.

321
Q

roosevwlt recession 1938

A

fdr cut funding showing his new deals were working.

322
Q

huey long

A

critical of fdrs new deal stood up for poor whites

323
Q

charles coughlin

A

catholic radio priest

324
Q

washington naval conference 1921-22

A

countries agree to limit size of navy

325
Q

stimson doctrine 1932

A

usa wont recognize change in border that came through force

326
Q

good neighbor policy

A

fdr says we wont intfere with other countries affairs, isolation, ends gunload and dollar diplomacy

327
Q

lend-lease act

A

allows us to give money and supplies to allies while staying neutral

328
Q

atlanitc charter 1941

A

agrrement between fdr andd churchhill on new world after ww2, framework for UN

329
Q

d day june 6 1944

A

us invades parts of france, largest invasion of mankind, retsake europe turning point in war

330
Q

manhatten project

A

oppenheimer to create atomic bomb

331
Q

trinity site testing japan cities

A

hiroshimia, 3 days later nagasaki 1945

332
Q

ast tehron conference

A

uk ussr usa agrre to open front d day

333
Q

yalta conference

A

big three stalin tells fdr he will help usa defeat japan after germany, take europe and split down middle to rebuild Stalin forms a dictatorship

334
Q

potsdom conference and declaration and nuremburg trials

A

we have knowledge of atomic bomb, big 3 stalin is the original of big 3. japan should immediately surrendor of we destroy you agrees to take high level nazis to court for crimes against humanity.

335
Q

a philip randolph

A

ytells fdr to desgregratew wartime industries, leads into fair employment practices commision

336
Q

zoot suit riots

A

suit but massive people wearing get beat up by off duty mexican american sailors and white americans. see suits as wasteful as there is fabric needed for war time effort

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