oxygenation_csv Flashcards
Ventilation
The process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
Perfusion
The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Diffusion
Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
Work of breathing
NAME?
Surfactant
Chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing.
Atelectasis
Collapse of the alveoli that prevents the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Compliance and airway resistance
Compliance: Ability of lungs to distend or expand in response to intraaveolar pressure
Inspiration/expiration
Inspiration = An active process stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta; a passive process for expiration
Pulmonary circulation
Moves blood to and from the alveolar capillary membranes for gas exchange
Oxygen transport
Lungs and cardiovascular system
Carbon dioxide transport
Diffuses into red blood cells and is hydrated into carbonic acid
tidal, residual, forced vital capacity (FVC)
Tidal: Amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration.
Carbon dioxide transport
Respiratory Gas Exchange
Neural regulation
Central nervous system controls the respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm.
Chemical regulation
Maintains the rate and depth of respirations based on changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2, and in hydrogen ion concentration (pH)
Oxygenated blood (blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide) then travels from the _____to the _____and the _____.
Cardiopulmonary physiology involves delivery of deoxygenated blood (blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen) to the right side of the heart and then to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.
Myocardial pump
Two atria and two ventricles
Coronary artery circulation
Coronary arteries supply the myocardium with nutrients and remove wastes.
Myocardial blood flow
Unidirectional through four valves
Systemic circulation
Arteries and veins deliver nutrients and oxygen and remove waste products.
Cardiac output
Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute
Stroke volume
Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction
Cardiac output (CO) =
Stroke volume (SV) _ Heart rate (HR)
Afterload
Preload
Autonomic nervous system
Influences the rate of impulse generation and the speed of conduction pathways
Sympathetic nervous system
Increases the rate of impulse generation and impulse transmission and innervates all parts of the atria and ventricle