Oxygenation Dynamics

Question 1

What is normal minute ventilation Range?

Answer 1

4-8 L/min (5L/min Average)

Question 2

What is normal Cardiac Output (CO)?

Answer 2

4-8 L/min (5.5L/min Average)

Question 3

What is Q?

Answer 3

Abbreviation for Cardiac Output

Question 4

What is venous admixture V/Q mismatch?

Answer 4

Lack of available oxygen to the alveolar membrane

Question 5

What is Shunting?

Answer 5

Any type of block that inhibits gas exchange “A Shunt is where blood flows past alveoli with no gas exchange occurring”

Question 6

What is the first stage of shock?

Answer 6

Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 7

What is deadspace ventilation?

Answer 7

Lack of perfusion to part of the lung tissue which is being ventilated. ie: pulmonary embolism, cardiogenic shock, etc.

Question 8

What is first line therapy for venous admixture?

Answer 8

Supplemental Oxygen Therapy

Question 9

What are the goals of Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 9

Production of ATP

Question 10

What is required for aerobic respiration (4 things)?

Answer 10

Adequate Oxygen
Ability to extract O2 and move into the cell (hemoglobin)
Ability to move oxygen (Cardiac Output)
Ability to move O2 into the cell

Question 11

What is the normal amount of hemoglobin in an adult?

Answer 11

12-15g/dl

Question 12

Which patients have lower glycogen stores?

Answer 12

Pediatrics and Geriatrics

Question 13

What is Glycoloysis?

Answer 13

The first stage of ATP creation, converts glucose to pyruvate

Question 14

What is Lactate?

Answer 14

Product of glycolysis,
Indication of stress (a need for more ATP), not a direct indication of tissue hypoxia

Question 15

What are the end products of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 15

2 ATP
6 CO2
6 NADH
2 FADH

Question 16

What is Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport System)?

Answer 16

NADH releases electrons and Hydrogen ions
FADH releases electrons and Hydrogen ions
These energizes the complexes, which opens hydrogen ion gates
ATP Synthase combines ADP and Phosphorous with Hydrogen ions to form ATP
Creates 36 ATP, CO2, and H2O

Question 17

How does hydrogen cyanide impact oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 17

HCN uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by blocking Cytochrome C oxidase from donating electrons, resulting in inability to create ATP, increases acidosis within cell.

Question 18

How many ATP are created in Aerobic respiration?

Answer 18

36 net total ATP

Question 19

What does P stand for in lab values?

Answer 19

Partial Pressure

Question 20

What is PO2

Answer 20

Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the given environment
Normal: 80-100mmHg

Question 21

What is PaO2?

Answer 21

Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the blood
Normal: 80-100mmHg

Question 22

What is PAO2?

Answer 22

Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the Alveoli
Normal: 80-100mmHg

Question 23

What is SaO2?

Answer 23

The amount of Hgb in the blood that is saturated
Normal: 93-98%

Question 24

What is SpO2?

Answer 24

Total Saturation of oxygen bound to Hgb
Normal: 93-98%

Question 25

What is SvO2?

Answer 25

Mixed venous oxygen saturation (pulmonary artery catheter) Normal: 60-80%

Question 26

What is the difference between SpO2 and SaO2?

Question 27

What is ScvO2?

Answer 27

Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Central line = 5-8% higher Normal: 70-80%

Question 28

What is Hgb?

Answer 28

Hemoglobin: 12-15 g/dL

Question 29

Q

Answer 29

Cardiac Output: 5-6L/min

Question 30

CaO2

Answer 30

Total content of oxygen bound to Hgb (16-22ml/O2/dL)

Question 31

DO2

Answer 31

Delivery of Oxygen each minute (900-1100ml/kg/min)

Question 32

O2ER

Answer 32

Oxygen consumption-Extraction (2ml/kg/min)