Oxygenation Chp 30

Question 0

Diffusion

Answer 0

The movement of gases between spaces and the bloodstream.

Question 1

Cardiopulmonary function

Answer 1

Primary function: to provide oxygen to the tissues and remove CO2 and waste.

Question 2

Primary function of the lungs?

Answer 2

~ventilation
~diffusion
~respiration
~perfusion

Question 3

Ventilation

Answer 3

Movement of air in and out the lungs

Question 4

Respiration

Answer 4

Exchange of O2 and CO2 during cellular metabolism

Question 5

Perfusion

Answer 5

Movement of blood into and out of the lungs to the organs and tissues of the body

Question 6

Surfactant

Answer 6

Phospholipid-rich substance; prevents the alveoli form collapsing on expiration; essential for normal breathing

Question 7

Neural & chemical regulation of respiration

Answer 7

-Neural regulation
~maintains rhythm and depth of respiration and the balance of inspiration & expiration
-cerebral cortex
~voluntary control of respiration; eating, speaking, swimming
-medulla oblongata
~automatic respiration; continuous
-chemical regulation
~maintains appropriate rate and depth of respirations based on CO2, O2, H+ concentration of the blood

Question 8

Chemoreceptors

Answer 8

Located in the medulla, aortic body, & carotid body; stimulated by O2, CO2, H+; this stimulates neural regulators to adjust rate & depth of ventilation to a maintain norm blood gas levels; occurs during exercise & in some illness; short-term adaptive mechanism

Question 9

Regulation of ventilation

Answer 9

Ventilation depends on neuroreceptors & chemoreceptors in lungs & central nerves system (CNS)
Provides for adequate oxygen to meet metabolic demands
Both control ventilation

Question 10

Oxygen transport

Answer 10

Depends on oxygenation; ventilation allows O2 & co2 in and out of lungs; diffusion occurs in alveoli

Question 11

Factors affecting oxygenation

Answer 11

Hypoxia
Hypoxemia
Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation

Question 12

Hypoxia (causes of, signs & symptoms, treatment)

Answer 12

Inadequate tissue oxygenation with a deficiency in oxygen utilization at cellular level
Causes:
-lowered oxygen-carry capacity, as in anemia or CO2 poisoning 
-diminished air (high altitude)
-airway restriction or obstruction 
-impairment from injury
-poor tissue oxygenation 
-failure of hemoglobin to release O2
S&s:
-tachycardia 
-per phial vasoconstriction dizziness 
-mental confusion
Treatment 
-cardiac & respiratory stimulant drugs
-O2 therapy
-mechanical ventilation 
-analysis of blood gases

Question 13

Hypodermic

Answer 13

Abnormal deficiency in concentration of O2 in arterial blood, a low partial pressure of O2
Causes:
-decreased diffusion of O2 from the lung into the blood eg. pneumonia, atelectasis
-decreased alveolar oxygen tension
-by passing of blood from right side of heart to the left w/o diffusion in he lungs
Symptoms:
-tachycardia
-dysphasia
-hypertension
-hypotension
-pallor, cyanosis