oxygenation Flashcards
What is the purpose of surfactant?
prevents collapse and sticking together of lung tissues
This position decreases the compression of the chest due to gravity
Fowler position
This position is used to feed a patient on feeding precautions or to deliver a breathing treatment
High-Fowler position
Give 3 methods of promoting secretion clearance.
Deep breaths and coughing
Suctioning
Postural drainage
T/F: In suctioning, In suctioning, the nurse should utilize sterile technique
True
What will be the findings that the patient is responding well to bronchodilators?
Bronchodilators treat symptoms of bronchoconstriction, relaxing smooth muscles in airway thus improving airflow.
Llevalbuterol and albuterol are examples of what type of medications?
Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
Anticholinergics
relax smooth muscles of airway, decrease mucous secretions by blocking parasympathetic effect
Theophylline (Slo-Bid) is an example of this medication.
Xanthines
What are the benefits of incentive spirometry?
Helps patients breathe deeply to expand the lungs
Assists in clearing of secretions and increasing oxygen delivery to bronchi and alveoli
Most common, comfortable method of oxygen administration.
nasal cannula
What important nursing care is rendered to patients with oxygen therapy?
Ensure flow is sufficient, patient comfortable, indwelling lines clear
T/F: Trachea primarily increases in diameter rather than length during first 5 years of life.
False
T/F: Oxygen consumption is higher in children than in adults because of the high metabolic rate.
True
H. Children under 6 years of age primarily breathe with their _____.
diaphragm
Lung injury caused by alveolar overdistention
Barotrauma
Provides inspiratory positive airway pressure as well as airway support during expiration
Bilevel ventilator (BiPAP)
Applies positive pressure to the airways of a patient who is breathing spontaneously.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Negative pressure ventilator
Creates negative (subatmospheric) pressure externally to draw the chest outward and air into the lungs, mimicking spontaneous breathing
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
provides respiratory support by way of a tight-fitting full-face mask, nasal mask, nasal shield, or nasal pillows
Pneumomediastinum
lung injury caused by alveolar overdistention
Pneumopericardium
air in the pericardial sac
requires intubation; a positive pressure is maintained in the airways during exhalation and between breaths
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
used more often than negative pressure ones, especially in treating patients with acute respiratory failure
Positive pressure ventilators
the decrease of arterial oxygen despite administration of oxygen at high flow rates
Refractory hypoxemia
the gradual withdrawal of mechanical ventilation when survival without assisted ventilation is not expected
Terminal weaning
process of removing ventilator support and reestablishing spontaneous, independent respirations
Weaning
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
rapid onset characterized by noncardiac pulmonary edema and progressive refractory hypoxemia
Extensive lung tissue inflammation and small blood vessel injury occur –> malfunction of other organs following
Assist-control mode ventilation (ACMV)
frequently used to initiate mechanical ventilation when the patient is at risk for respiratory arrest; assisted breaths triggered by inspiratory effort
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
allows patient to breathe spontaneously between delivered ventilator breaths
Pressure-support ventilation (PSV)
delivers ventilator-assisted breaths when patient initiates an inspiratory effort
Pressure-control ventilation (PCV)
controls pressure within airways to reduce the risk of airway trauma
Tidal volume
control amount of gas delivered with each breath. 400–550 mL
Name complications of ventilatory support.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia, barotrauma, pneumothorax, decreased cardiac output, stress ulcers, vomiting, constipation
Inserted to maintain a patent air passage for patient with obstructed, potentially obstructed airway
Artificial Airways
Used to keep upper air passages open. Easy to insert, low risk of complications
Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Airways
Commonly inserted in patients who have general anesthesia, emergency situations
Endotracheal Tubes
Patient who needs long-term airway support will be needing this type of airway management.
Tracheostomies
Tracheostomy care for patient will focus on _____ and ______.
maintaining patency, reducing risk of infection
Most common causes of ARDS in children
pneumonia, aspiration, major trauma, near-drowning, systemic infection
