oxygenation

Question 1

What is the purpose of surfactant?

Answer 1

prevents collapse and sticking together of lung tissues

Question 2

This position decreases the compression of the chest due to gravity

Answer 2

Fowler position

Question 3

This position is used to feed a patient on feeding precautions or to deliver a breathing treatment

Answer 3

High-Fowler position

Question 4

Give 3 methods of promoting secretion clearance.

Answer 4

Deep breaths and coughing
Suctioning
Postural drainage

Question 5

T/F: In suctioning, In suctioning, the nurse should utilize sterile technique

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What will be the findings that the patient is responding well to bronchodilators?

Answer 6

Bronchodilators treat symptoms of bronchoconstriction, relaxing smooth muscles in airway thus improving airflow.

Question 7

Llevalbuterol and albuterol are examples of what type of medications?

Answer 7

Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)

Question 8

Anticholinergics

Answer 8

relax smooth muscles of airway, decrease mucous secretions by blocking parasympathetic effect

Question 9

Theophylline (Slo-Bid) is an example of this medication.

Answer 9

Xanthines

Question 10

What are the benefits of incentive spirometry?

Answer 10

Helps patients breathe deeply to expand the lungs

Assists in clearing of secretions and increasing oxygen delivery to bronchi and alveoli

Question 11

Most common, comfortable method of oxygen administration.

Answer 11

nasal cannula

Question 12

What important nursing care is rendered to patients with oxygen therapy?

Answer 12

Ensure flow is sufficient, patient comfortable, indwelling lines clear

Question 13

T/F: Trachea primarily increases in diameter rather than length during first 5 years of life.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T/F: Oxygen consumption is higher in children than in adults because of the high metabolic rate.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

H. Children under 6 years of age primarily breathe with their _____.

Answer 15

diaphragm

Question 16

Lung injury caused by alveolar overdistention

Answer 16

Barotrauma

Question 17

Provides inspiratory positive airway pressure as well as airway support during expiration

Answer 17

Bilevel ventilator (BiPAP)

Question 18

Applies positive pressure to the airways of a patient who is breathing spontaneously.

Answer 18

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 19

Negative pressure ventilator

Answer 19

Creates negative (subatmospheric) pressure externally to draw the chest outward and air into the lungs, mimicking spontaneous breathing

Question 20

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)

Answer 20

provides respiratory support by way of a tight-fitting full-face mask, nasal mask, nasal shield, or nasal pillows

Question 21

Pneumomediastinum

Answer 21

lung injury caused by alveolar overdistention

Question 22

Pneumopericardium

Answer 22

air in the pericardial sac

Question 23

requires intubation; a positive pressure is maintained in the airways during exhalation and between breaths

Answer 23

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Question 24

used more often than negative pressure ones, especially in treating patients with acute respiratory failure

Answer 24

Positive pressure ventilators

Question 25

the decrease of arterial oxygen despite administration of oxygen at high flow rates

Answer 25

Refractory hypoxemia

Question 26

the gradual withdrawal of mechanical ventilation when survival without assisted ventilation is not expected

Answer 26

Terminal weaning

Question 27

process of removing ventilator support and reestablishing spontaneous, independent respirations

Answer 27

Weaning

Question 28

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 28

rapid onset characterized by noncardiac pulmonary edema and progressive refractory hypoxemia
Extensive lung tissue inflammation and small blood vessel injury occur –> malfunction of other organs following

Question 29

Assist-control mode ventilation (ACMV)

Answer 29

frequently used to initiate mechanical ventilation when the patient is at risk for respiratory arrest; assisted breaths triggered by inspiratory effort

Question 30

Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)

Answer 30

allows patient to breathe spontaneously between delivered ventilator breaths

Question 31

Pressure-support ventilation (PSV)

Answer 31

delivers ventilator-assisted breaths when patient initiates an inspiratory effort

Question 32

Pressure-control ventilation (PCV)

Answer 32

controls pressure within airways to reduce the risk of airway trauma

Question 33

Tidal volume

Answer 33

control amount of gas delivered with each breath. 400–550 mL

Question 34

Name complications of ventilatory support.

Answer 34

Ventilator-associated pneumonia, barotrauma, pneumothorax, decreased cardiac output, stress ulcers, vomiting, constipation

Question 35

Inserted to maintain a patent air passage for patient with obstructed, potentially obstructed airway

Answer 35

Artificial Airways

Question 36

Used to keep upper air passages open. Easy to insert, low risk of complications

Answer 36

Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Airways

Question 37

Commonly inserted in patients who have general anesthesia, emergency situations

Answer 37

Endotracheal Tubes

Question 38

Patient who needs long-term airway support will be needing this type of airway management.

Answer 38

Tracheostomies

Question 39

Tracheostomy care for patient will focus on _____ and ______.

Answer 39

maintaining patency, reducing risk of infection

Question 40

Most common causes of ARDS in children

Answer 40

pneumonia, aspiration, major trauma, near-drowning, systemic infection