Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mod 15 Oxygenation > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

The process of providing oxygen to all cells of the body

A

Oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 3 functions of the respiratory system.

A

Obtain oxygen from atmospheric air
Transport air through respiratory tract to alveoli
Diffuse oxygen into blood to be carried to all cells of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Other name of respiration

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Respiratory system function achieved through ventilation

A

Inspiration and expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Breathing is typically an autonomic process

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal oxygenation depends on these two principles

A

Healthy development and function of respiratory system

Intricate cellular and organic processes that allow for effective gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The respiratory system is divided into:

A

Upper respiratory system and Lower respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the protective mechanisms of the upper respiratory system?

A

Sneezing and cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The entrance for air into lungs

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Breathing within the expected respiratory rates

A

Eupnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal breating rate of newborns

A

30–80 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal breating rate of infants

A

30–60 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal breathing rate of toddlers

A

20–40 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Normal breathing rate of preschoolers

A

22–34 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal breathing rate of School-age children

A

15–25 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal breating rate of Adolescents

A

12–20 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal breating rate of Adults

A

12–20 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal breating rate of Older Adults

A

15–20 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the components of the lower respiratory tract.

A

Trachea –> bronchus –> bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The site where gases is exchanged.

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe gas exchange in the alveoli.

A

Oxygen diffuses across membranes into blood

Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two layers that cover the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It covers surface of each lung.

A

Visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It lines inside of chest wall.

A

Parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Described as loud, high-pitched, heard over trachea and longer on exhalation than inhalation.

A

Bronchial sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Medium in loudness and pitch, heard on each side of sternum, between scapulae

A

Bronchovesicular sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Soft, low-pitched, heard over peripheral lung fields

A

Vesicular sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The drive to breathe depends on _______

A

level of CO2 in arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens when the level of CO2 in arterial blood rises?

A

Receptor sites in medulla and pons stimulate increase in rate and/or depth of ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ability of respiratory system to deliver O2 depends on the following:

A

Inflated, well-oxygenated alveoli

Well-perfused capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Movement of O2 across alveolar–capillary membrane into capillary is represented by _____.

A

Ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) ratio

34
Q

Decreased level of O2 in blood

A

Hypoxemia

35
Q

If hypoxemia is left untreated, it can lead to _____.

A

Hypoxia

36
Q

Decreased delivery of O2 to tissues

A

Hypoxia

37
Q

Respiratory drive primarily stimulated by _________.

A

Concentration of H+ in arterial blood

38
Q

An increase in H+ would result to

A

increase in level of CO2

39
Q

A decrease in H+ would result to

A

decrease in level of CO2

40
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with the following:

A

Alveolar damage limits the exchange of O2 and CO2
CO2 retention, decrease in blood O2 levels
Cyanosis
Clubbed nail beds
Retractions (the area between the ribs and in the neck sinks in when a person attempts to inhale - shows they are working hard to breathe)

41
Q

Respiratory rate >20 breaths/minute

A

Tachypnea

42
Q

Respiratory rate <10 breaths/minute

A

Bradypnea

43
Q

Rapid, deep inhalation and exhalation of air from lungs

A

Hyperventilation

44
Q

Abnormally slow respiratory rate → inadequate O2 delivery to lungs, increase in retention of CO2

A

Hypoventilation

45
Q

Labored breathing or shortness of breath that is painful

A

Dyspnea

46
Q

Difficulty breathing when supine

A

Orthopnea

47
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

Deep, rapid exhalations increase elimination of CO2, affecting acid–base balance

48
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

Deep, rapid breathing and slow, shallow breathing with periods of apnea

49
Q

Biot respirations

A

Shallow breathing with periods of apnea

50
Q

What type of breathing is seen in metabolic acidosis?

A

Kussmaul breathing

51
Q

What type of breathing is seen in CHF, increases ICP, or drug overdoses

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

52
Q

What is the characteristic breathing of patients with CNS disorder?

A

Biot respirations

53
Q

Air entry into pleural space causing loss of negative pressure necessary to produce lung expansion

A

Pneumothorax

54
Q

What is the complication of pneumothorax?

A

Lung collapse

55
Q

Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax

A

Sudden sharp pleuritic pain, worsened by breathing, coughing
Decreased or absent breathing sounds over the affected side
Asymmetrical chest wall movement
Shortness of breath
Cyanosis

56
Q

Factors that affect healthy respiratory system

A

Airborne irritants
Infectious illnesses of respiratory tract
Hemoglobin disorders
Medications
Inflammation, infection, sputum production

57
Q

T/F: Vaccination encouraged to decrease transmission of preventable diseases.

A

True

58
Q

Give examples of modifiable risk factors relating to respiratory disorders.

A 
Factors affecting the heart’s ability to circulate blood such as Hypertension and Atherosclerosis
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Smoking
Stress and anxiety
59
Q

What are the effects of tobacco smoke exposure?

A

Increased mucus production

Reduced cilia action in airway passages

60
Q

T/F: If patient opts to continue smoking or otherwise using tobacco, respect patient’s right to choose

A

True

61
Q

What are signs of hypoxia?

A

Increasing restlessness, irritability, unexplained sudden confusion
Rapid heart rate + rapid respiratory rate

62
Q

What questions need to be asked when obtaining health history with a patient with respiratory problem?

A 
Current respiratory problems
History of respiratory disease
Lifestyle
Presence of cough
Description of sputum
Presence of chest pain
Risk factors
Medication history
63
Q

What are examples of adventitious breathing sounds?

A 
Stridor
Crackles
Rhonchi
Wheezing
Pleural friction rub
64
Q

What are the assessment parameters in ABGs?

A

SaO2, PaO2, CO2, and pH

65
Q

What is the normal range of arterial CO2?

A

35–45 mmHg

66
Q

An increased level of CO2 is called ____.

A

Hypercarbia (hypercapnia)

67
Q

A decreased level of CO2 is called _____.

A

Hypocarbia (hypocapnia)

68
Q

What is a normal SaO2?

A

> 95%

69
Q

What are the independent nursing interventions for patients with respiratory problems?

A

Improving gas exchange

Enhancing breathing patterns

70
Q

Give examples of independent nursing interventions for patients with respiratory problems?

A 
Deep breathing exercises
Positioning
Encouraging smoking cessation
Monitoring activity tolerance
Promoting secretion clearance
Suctioning
Assisting with activities of daily living (ADLs)
71
Q

What are examples of medications used ot treat respiratory problems?

A

Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) + inhaled corticosteroid, Anticholinergics, xanthines, immunotherapy

72
Q

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry?

A

Expand lungs
Clear mucus secretions
Increase amount of O2 delivered to bronchi and alveoli
Often prescribed for postop patients as well as some with pulmonary alterations

73
Q

What are the types of oxygen therapy systems?

A

Nasal cannula
Oxymizer
Simple mask
Venturi mask

74
Q

Chest tube management is indicated for what type of respiratory problems?

A

Treat conditions in which air or fluid cause lung collapse

75
Q

Chest tube management remains in place for how many days?

A

2-5 days

76
Q

Why infants are prone to airway obstruction by foreign objects and infection?

A

Shorter, narrower airway
Tracheal division higher, at different angle
Lung tissue not fully developed at birth

77
Q

What are important nursing considerations when performing respiratory assessment in infants?

A

Check for pectus carinatum, pectus excavatum
During palpation, note facial expression, presence of crying
In newborns, palpate area near clavicle for crepitus
Assess infants for tactile fremitus
Avoid auscultating through clothing, as breath sounds may be small

78
Q

What are important nursing considerations when performing respiratory assessment in toddlers?

A

Inspect for pectus carinatum, pectus excavatum, kyphosis, scoliosis
Should not be barrel chest over age 6
Should be no retractions
Have child repeat words or numbers to assess for tactile fremitus
Ask child to breathe deeply during auscultation

79
Q

What physiologic changes in the respiratory system that takes place during pregnancy?

A

Pregnancy raises diaphragm, decreases ability to expand lungs
Respiratory rate increases to keep up with increased O2 needs
Chest circumference increases
Changes to upper respiratory mucosa increase likelihood of developing nasal stuffiness, nosebleeds
Residual capacity decreases
Minute ventilation, alveolar ventilation, tidal volume increase
Blood pH may become more alkaline

80
Q

What physiologic changes in the respiratory system that takes place during aging?

A

Increased risk of developing respiratory infections
Increased risk of sleep apnea
Changes to cough reflex → increased risk of choking on food
Increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux → increased risk of aspiration of food

Mod 15 Oxygenation (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions