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2015: Nursing: Science & Tech > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

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1
Q

Ventilation_

A

The process of moving gases into and out of the lungs

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2
Q

Perfusion

A

The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries

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4
Q

Work of breathing

A

NAME?

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5
Q

Surfactant

A

Chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing.

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6
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the alveoli that prevents the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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7
Q

Compliance and airway resistance

A

Compliance: Ability of lungs to distend or expand in response to intraaveolar pressure

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8
Q

Inspiration/expiration

A

Inspiration = An active process stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta; a passive process for expiration

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9
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Moves blood to and from the alveolar capillary membranes for gas exchange

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10
Q

Oxygen transport

A

Lungs and cardiovascular system

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11
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

Diffuses into red blood cells and is hydrated into carbonic acid

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12
Q

tidal, residual, forced vital capacity (FVC)

A

Tidal: Amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration.

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13
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

Respiratory Gas Exchange

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14
Q

Neural regulation

A

Central nervous system controls the respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm.

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15
Q

Chemical regulation

A

Maintains the rate and depth of respirations based on changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2, and in hydrogen ion concentration (pH)

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16
Q

Oxygenated blood (blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide) then travels from the _____to the _____and the _____.

A

Cardiopulmonary physiology involves delivery of deoxygenated blood (blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen) to the right side of the heart and then to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.

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17
Q

Myocardial pump

A

Two atria and two ventricles

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18
Q

Coronary artery circulation

A

Coronary arteries supply the myocardium with nutrients and remove wastes.

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19
Q

Myocardial blood flow

A

Unidirectional through four valves

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20
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Arteries and veins deliver nutrients and oxygen and remove waste products.

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21
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute

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22
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction

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23
Q

Cardiac output (CO) =

A

Stroke volume (SV) _ Heart rate (HR)

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24
Q

Afterload

A

Preload

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25
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Influences the rate of impulse generation and the speed of conduction pathways

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26
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Increases the rate of impulse generation and impulse transmission and innervates all parts of the atria and ventricle

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27
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

Decreases the rate and innervates atria, ventricles, and sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes

28
Q

Conduction system

A

Originates with the sinoatrial (SA) node or pacemaker and is transmitted to the atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers

29
Q

An electrocardiogram (ECG) reflects

A

the electrical conduction system of the heart.

30
Q

Influences of chronic diseases

A

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

31
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Hyperventilation

32
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Alveolar ventilation inadequate to meet the body’s oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide

33
Q

Hypoxia

A

Hypoxia

34
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

35
Q

Disturbances in conduction

A

Caused by electrical impulses that do not originate from the SA node (dysrhythmias)

36
Q

Altered cardiac output

A

Insufficient volume is ejected into the systemic and pulmonary circulation; the result of left-sided or right-sided heart failure

37
Q

Impaired valvular function

A

Acquired or congenital disorder of a cardiac valve by stenosis or regurgitation

38
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

Coronary artery flow to the myocardium insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demands; results in angina, myocardial infarction (MI) and/or acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

39
Q

Factors influencing oxygenation:

A

Physiological

40
Q

Developmental Factors

A

Infants and toddlers

41
Q

Cardioprotective nutrition =

A

Diets rich in fiber; whole grains; fresh fruits and vegetables; nuts; antioxidants; lean meats; and omega-3 fatty acids

42
Q

People who exercise for

A

30 to 60 minutes daily have a lower pulse rate and blood pressure, decreased cholesterol level, increased blood flow, and greater oxygen extraction by working muscles

43
Q

______

A

Smoking

44
Q

The incidence of pulmonary disease is higher

A

in smoggy, urban areas than in rural areas.

45
Q

Assessment In-depth history of a patient’s normal and present cardiopulmonary function

A

Past impairments in circulatory or respiratory functioning

46
Q

Auscultation

A

Physical Examination

47
Q

Blood tests

A

CBC

48
Q

Imaging

A

Chest x-ray

49
Q

Noninvasive

A

TB skin test

50
Q

Nursing Diagnosis and Planning Activity intolerance

A

Impaired gas exchange

51
Q

Decreased cardiac output

A

Impaired spontaneous ventilation

52
Q

Fatigue

A

Impaired verbal communication

53
Q

Dyspnea management

A

Hydration

54
Q

Airway maintenance

A

Humidification

55
Q

Mobilization of pulmonary secretions

A

Nebulization

56
Q

Tracheal

A

Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal

57
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Oral airway

58
Q

Maintenance and Promotion of Lung Expansion

A

Ambulation

59
Q

Chest tube

A

A catheter placed through the thorax to remove air and fluids from the pleural space, to prevent air from re-entering, or to re-establish intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures

60
Q

Maintenance

A

Oxygen therapy

61
Q

Know venturi face mask

A

book

62
Q

Beneficial effects for patients with

A

Indications

63
Q

steps 1,2,3

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

64
Q

Restorative and Continuing Care

A

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

65
Q

Perform

A

Ask about

66
Q

Safety Guidelines

A

Patients with sudden changes in their vital signs, level of consciousness, or behavior are possibly experiencing profound hypoxia.

2015: Nursing: Science & Tech (2 decks)

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