oxygenation Flashcards
components of a respiratory assessment
O2
cap refill, skin turgor, oral mucosa dry or moist
LOC
position of child
skin color
RR, lung sounds
accessory muscle use? nasal flaring
retractions
respiratory anatomy differences between children and adults
diameter of airway is smaller in children than adults
children more prone to obstruction/inflammation/infection
manifestations of respiratory distress in infants
manifestations of respiratory distress in children
back to sleep campaign
no co sleeping
infant on back
nothing in crib
tonsillectomy nursing care
monitor for hemorrhage
maintain airway
analgesics for pain 24hrs
NPO until fully awake
no citrus, milk, ice cream
resume normal activity 1-2wks after surgery
avoid gargling, coughing
otitis media patho
middle ear infection
inflammation
common under 24 months
pull pinna down and back in children
earlier onset, higher chances of recurrent infections
manifestations of otitis media
infant: crying, refusal to feed, fussiness
child: crying, irritable, loss of appetite, lethargy
otitis media treatment
antibiotics- finish whole course
acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain
PCV13/ breastfeeding is preventative
what is watch waiting for otitis media?
wait for up to 72hrs for children less than 6 months if there is no fever or severe pain present
bronchiolitis patho
viral
bronchioles are narrow or occluded due to inflammatory process
usually caused by RSV
manifestations of bronchiolitis
edema in bronchioles
mucus production
inflammation of bronchioles
bronchiolitis treatment
respiratory droplet precautions
antibiotics can not treat this virus
humidification
airway suctioning, HOB elevated
RSV vaccine during fall or spring
RSV vaccine in pregnant moms when?
3rd trimester to pass down to baby
foreign body ingestion
1-3 years of age
dyspnea, cough, stridor, wheezing, cyanotic, cant speak
chest x-ray or bronchoscopy
foods to avoid in children for ingestion
hot dogs
balloons
peanuts
grapes
popcorn
gum
peanut butter
plastic caps
markers
batteries
asthma patho
inflammatory lung disorder of the small and large airways that cause obstruction
watch for allergic salute/allergic shriners (shiny bags under eyes)
asthma triggers
allergies
air quality
weather
exercise
infection cold/flu
peak flow meter
every morning for asthma
daily dose even with no symptoms
zone/color determines what activity child can do
mild asthma
symptoms greater than 2 times per week but less than one per day
moderate asthma
symptoms daily
severe asthma
daily symptoms throughout entire day
asthma treatment
monitor RR, bronchodilators increase HR
diagnosed after 5yrs of age after all spirometry testing is done
SABAS- rescue meds
LABAS - daily meds
LABAS
daily meds for asthma
inhaled corticosteroids
SABAS
short acting - rescue meds
anticholinergics
inhaler/ nebulizer treatment
is asthma cureable?
no, chronic disease
reversible
cannot outgrow asthma
cystic fibrosis patho
hereditary dysfunction of exocrine glands
autosomal recessive
lungs, sweat glands, pancreas, liver are blocked by mucus
cystic fibrosis manifestations
salty sweat
meconium ileus - 1st sign
cant fully absorb nutrients
progressive pancreas damage
malabsorption
NA+ cant get into body, goes into skin
cystic fibrosis treatment
sweat chloride test
replace pancreatic enzymes before every meal
vibration vest 1-4 times a day
increase fat, protein and calorie intake
clear mucus from airways
bronchodilators
possible lung transplant
pancreatic enzyme use
given to prevent malnutrition
capsules before every meal and snack
vitamin e
antioxidants
protects cells
vitamin a
growth and immune function
vitamin d
calcium and phosphate levels
vitamin k
blood clotting
vitamin c
increases absorption of other meds
croup
viral infection of middle respiratory tract
inflammation and edema
most common
least severe
focused assessment of croup
stridor is the main sign
focus on RR and O2
irritability, barky cough, fever
chest x-ray
croup treatment
corticosteroids
manage at home with humidity
hydration
hospitalization for progressive stridor and resp distress
epiglottitis
true medical emergency
rapid swelling of airway inlet/obstruction
bacterial infection
pneumonia is most common
epiglottitis focused assessment
x-ray of neck
NOTHING BY MOUTH
sudden sore throat
high fever
tripod position
3 D’s dysphagia, dystonia, drooling
epiglottitis treatment
NO MEDS BY MOUTH
antibiotics, IV therapy, oxygen, Hib vaccine
do not look in throat
