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Nursing > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

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1
Q

Frank Starling Law of the Heart

A

Low stroke volume= faster heart rate
HR > 160= lowered preload (amount in heart before it pumps)
High afterload = high blood pressure

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2
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on artery walls

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3
Q

Tachycardia

A

greater than 100

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4
Q

Bradycardia

A

less than 60

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5
Q

Signs of left sided cardiac failure

A

fatigue, breathlessness, dizziness, and confusion as a result of tissue hypoxia

Clinical signs include crackles in the base of the lungs, hypoxia, shortness of breath on exertion, cough, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

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6
Q

Primary cause of right sided heart failure

A

elevated pulmonary vascular resistance

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7
Q

Signs of right sided cardiac failure

A

clinical signs: elevated blood pressure, weight gain, distended neck veins, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly

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8
Q

common outcomes of myocardial ischemia

A

Angina, MI

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9
Q

MI/Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

sudden increase in coronary blood flow or an increase in demand without adequate coronary perfusion

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10
Q

Stenosis

A

hardening

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11
Q

Regurgitation

A

impaired closure of a valve

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12
Q

MI in Men

A

crushing, squeezing, or stabbing
often in left chest and sternal area
possibly in the back
radiates down the left arm to the neck, jaws teeth, epigastric area, and back
lasts 20 minutes

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13
Q

MI in women

A

angina, fatigue, indegestion, shortness of breath, back or jaw pain
twice the risk of dying within first year of heart attack

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14
Q

Physiological factors affecting oxygenation

A

Decreased O2 carrying capacity(reduced hemoglobin)

Decreased inspired O2 concentration
Increased metabolic rate
Conditions affecting chest awall moevement
Musculoskeletal
Chronic lung disease

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15
Q

Developmental Factors affecting oxygenation in infants

A

Infants: risk of infection 3-6 months, airway obstruction
School age: respiratory infection, smoking & inhalants, decreased activity, obesity, unhealthy diets
Young adults: unhealthy diets, inactivity, stress, substance abuse, smoking, improper medication use

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16
Q

Factors of oxygenation in school age children

A

School age: respiratory infection, smoking & inhalants, decreased activity, obesity, unhealthy diets

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17
Q

Factors of oxygenation in older adults (65+)

A

Calcification of heart valves, vascular stiffening, decreased muscle strength, increased ventricular wall thickness, costal cartilage thickening, osteoporosis, decreased alveolar surface area, decreased functional cilia

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17
Q

Factors of oxygenation in young adults

A

Young adults: unhealthy diets, inactivity, stress, substance abuse, smoking, improper medication use

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18
Q

Rural environments have more___ related issues

A

COPD related to smoking

19
Q

Documentation of health risks

A

blood relative who had cardiopulmonary disease, level of health and age at time of death

20
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

results from inflammation of pleural space of lungs
Pain is peripheral and radiates to the scapular regions

21
Q

Cardiac chest pain

A

does not occur in respiratory variations
Described by men as left side of chest and radiates to left arm

Described by women as feeling of fatigue, breathlessness, indigestion and jaw pain

22
Q

Pericardial chest pain

A

Occurs due to inflammation of pericardial sac
occurs on inspiration
does not radiate

23
Q

Dyspnea is related to what conditions

A

Pulmonary disorders, Cardiovascular disorders, neuromuscular disorders, and anemia

24
Q

Chronic coughs are a sign of

A

chronic lung disease

25
Q

Acute coughs are a sign of

A

infection or inhaled irritant

26
Q

nonproductive cough is associated with

A

allergies, or gastroesophageal reflux disorder

27
Q

Use of accessory muscles + intercostal retraction when breathing

A

COPD, asthma in exacerbation, secretion retention, indicates severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia

27
Q

Wheezing is associated with

A

asthma, acute bronchitis, and pneumonia

28
Q

Crackles are most often heard in patients with

A

pneumonia, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis

29
Q

Rhonchi

A

Can be cleared by coughing
most often in patients with pneumonia or asthma

30
Q

Pleural rub occurs because of

A

movement of inflamed and roughened plural surfaces

31
Q

Stridor

A

sounds like wheezing
medical emergency
constricted upper airways
inflammation of epiglottis
or by virus called croup

32
Q

Thoracentesis

A

perforation of pleural cavity with needle to aspirate air or fluids, or to get a sample for biopsy

33
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of tracheobronchial tree using a camera

obtains fluid, sputum, or biopsy samples
also removes mucus plugs or foreign bodies

34
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT)

A

determines ability of the lungs to efficiently exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

35
Q

Dyspnea management

A

treated with exercise, breathing techniques, cough control, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, and meditation

Pharma agents: bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, low dose anxiety medications, mucolytics

36
Q

Airway management

A

hydration, good coughing,
interventions such as suctioning, chest physiotherapy, and nebulizer therapy

37
Q

Nasal cannula

A

1-6L /min (24%-44% FiO2); humidify 4L or more

38
Q

Simple face mask

A

6-12 L/min
35-50% O2
contraindicated by CO2 retention
monitor skin break down

39
Q

Partial and Nonrebreather mask

A

10-15 L/min
60-90% O2
Reservoir bag must be inflated

40
Q

Venturi mask

A

24-50% O2
More precise

41
Q

High flow nasal Cannula

A

Wide range of O2
heated humidified air
treatment of respiratory failure
less need for invasive procedures

42
Q

CDU constant bubbling or vigorous bubbling

A

Means leak in drainage system or another pneumothorax
Assess and Identify source of the leak

43
Q

What is used to dress CDU site

A

petroleum gauze, dry gauze, and tape

Nursing (3 decks)

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