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Fundamentals of Nursing > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

_______ moves gases into and out of the lungs–inspiration and expiration

A

ventilation

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2
Q

________ ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the lungs

A

perfusion

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3
Q

_____ moves the respiratory gases from one area to another by concentraiton gradient

A

diffusion

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4
Q

What is the equation for increased work of breathing

A

decreased compliance + increased resistance + increased use of accessory muscles

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation moves blood to and from

A

the capillary membrane for gas exchange

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6
Q

What is a normal hemoglobin level

A

11.7 to 17.3 g/dL

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7
Q

Respiratory gast exchange: oxygen transports via what 3 ways

A

amount of hemoglobin
ability of Hgb to bind
amount of dissolved O2 in plasma

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8
Q

What two things regulate our ventilation

A

Neural–CNS
Chemical–CO2, O2, H+

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9
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

ability of Hgb to bind and bring O2 to tissue

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10
Q

COPD have ______ drive to breathe

A

hypoxic

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11
Q

What can cause decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

A

anemia and CO poisoning

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12
Q

What can cause decreased inspiratory oxygen concentration

A

lower and upper airway obstruction
high altitudes
hypoventilation

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13
Q

_____________ Volume contraction or volume depletion, is a condition where the body has abnormally low levels of extracellular fluid. This can be caused by a loss of water and salt, or a decrease in blood volume.

A

hypovolemia

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14
Q

Hyperventilation

A

a state of ventilation in which the lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism

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15
Q

Hypoventilation

A

occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demand of the body or eliminate sufficient CO2

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16
Q

Hypoxia

A

inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level

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17
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

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18
Q

Normal PaO2

A

80-100mmHg

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19
Q

What will you notice in a patient with left sided heart failure

A

less cardiac output, blood pools in the pulmonary circulation, fatique, dizzy, breathlessness, hear crackles, tissue hypoxia

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20
Q

What will you notice in a patient with right sided heart failure

A

systemic LL edema, weight gain, splenomegaly, right ventricle decreased function

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21
Q

Can Right heart failure happen due to left heart failure

A

yes or underlying disease

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22
Q

Kussmaul: compensation to decrease CO, greater than ______ breaths/min

A

35

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23
Q

e.g. of health promotions for respiration

A

vaccination
healthy lifestyle
environmental pollutants

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24
Q

Can we use external chest wall manipulation to help with chest physiotherapy

A

yes to percuss, vibrate or high frequency chest wall compressions

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25
Q

_____ and ____ are sterile in the upper airway

A

trach and pharynx

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26
Q

Oropharyngeal is

A

back 1/3 tongue, soft palate, back sides, tonsils

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27
Q

Nasopharyngeal is

A

upper part of pharynx

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28
Q

Before suctioning for airways assess for

A

gurgling
adventitious breath sounds
labored breathing

29
Q

What can be triggered when sunctioning

A

vagus nerve (decreased HR and RR)

30
Q

Never suction on ________ only when we ________-

A

insertion; withdrawal

31
Q

Nasopharynx: _____ to _____ mmHg sunction

A

80-150

32
Q

Nasopharynx: should be quick _________ seconds as it’s taking away oxygen

A

10 to 15 seconds

33
Q

What are examples of artificial airways

A

oral airway
endotrach and tracheal airway
invasive mechanical ventilation
chest tubes
non invasive ventilation
special considerations

34
Q

What is an endotracheal tube used for

A

short term–administeration in mechanical ventilation

upper airway, prevent aspiration, clear secretion

35
Q

With tracheostomy tubes, we have them in a ________ position to sunction and ensure their _____ is stable before starting

A

fowlers; O2

36
Q

Anytime trach care is done it is a ________ procedure

A

sterile

37
Q

With invasive mechanical ventilation what is the time duration in which a patient is most susceptible for infection

A

0 to 48 hours

38
Q

_______ tube goes through patient’s mouth and into the windpipes

A

endotracheal

39
Q

_______ tube goes through patients nose and into teh stomach

A

nasogastric

40
Q

What is the difference between CPAP and BIPAP

A

Both deliver air pressure when you breathe in and breathe out. But a BiPAP delivers higher air pressure when you breathe in. The CPAP, on the other hand, delivers the same amount of pressure at all times.

41
Q

Both CPAP and BIPAP help

A

keep airways open

42
Q

________ accumulation of fluid and blood in the pleural space

A

hemothorax

43
Q

____________ accumulation of air in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

44
Q

T/F chest tubes remove air/fluid from pleural space allowing for chest expansion

A

True

45
Q

Where do we keep chest drainage systems

A

below the patients chest level

46
Q

What is the main goal of chest tubes

A

replace negative pressure in the lungs to help with lung expansion

47
Q

What are the three chambers of a chest tube?

A
  1. Suction control chamber
  2. water seal chamber and air leak monitor
  3. collection chamber
48
Q

Suction control chamber: What should it look like

A

gentle, steady or continuous bubbling

49
Q

What does it mean if there is vigorous bubbling in suction control chamber

A

it is too high and violent

50
Q

Water seal chamber and air leak monitor: _______ valve

A

one way

51
Q

Water seal chamber and air leak monitor: what do we want to see

A

a tidal–steady rise and fall with breathing (keeping negative pressure with breathing)

52
Q

Water seal chamber and air leak monitor: continuous bubbling means what

A

VERY BAD; air leak inside the system

53
Q

What are low flow oxygen devices

A

nasal cannula
simple face mask
rebreather mask

54
Q

What are high flow oxygen devices

A

venturi mask
aersol face mask
face tent
tracheostomy collars

55
Q

Nasal cannula: ___ to ____ L and ____ to ______ % FIO2

A

1-6; 24-44

56
Q

Nasal Cannula: % FIO2
1L
2L
3L
4L
5L
6L

A

21-25
25-28
28-32
32-36
36-40
40-44

57
Q

Simple face mask: ___ to _____ and ___ to ____% FIO2

A

6-12; 35-50

58
Q

Would we want to use a simple face mask on a COPD patient

A

no

59
Q

What do venturi masks have

A

adaptors that have FIO2 amount on it with the L of oxygen to set it to

60
Q

Partial rebreather mask: ____ to ____ L/min; ____ to ____ FIO2

A

6-11; 60-90

61
Q

Non rebreather mask flow rate is set to keep bag infalted: ____ to _____ L; _____ FIO2

A

10-15; over 90%

62
Q

Is a rebreather mask long term

A

NO

63
Q

When is a non rebreather mask used

A

in severe hypoxemia for highest oxygen concentration of oxygen delivery

64
Q

What does a non rebreather have for CO2

A

one way valve to allow CO2 expelled

65
Q

What is a code blue

A

cardiac or respiratory arrest

66
Q

CDAB stands for

A

chest compression
early defibrillation
establishing an airway
rescue breathing

67
Q

What’s important to know when a code blue is called

A

if the patient has advanced directives

68
Q
A

Fundamentals of Nursing (5 decks)

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