OXYGENATION Flashcards
What is the management given to adult patient experiencing bradycardia?
1 mg 3 doses of Atropine Sulfate
What is the management done to pediatric patients experiencing bradycardia?
half dose (0.5) of epinephrine
This condition refers to predictable and often triggered by an activity and can be relieved by rest or taking nitroglycerin.
Stable Angina
Condition where it often triggered by coronary vasospasm
Variant Angina
Medication used to manage angina pectoris
Nitrates/Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat
Term used to define the universal sign of chest pain
Levine sign
Defined as an individual holding a clenched fist over the chest that has a low sensitivity but is relatively specific for ischemia
Levine sign
It is the drug of choice in treating or managing myocardial infarction
Morphine Sulfate - Narcotics/Opioids
Important aspect to assess when administering morphine sulfate in patients diagnosed with MI
Assess for the RR - drug is a CNS downer
Antidote used to manage magnesium sulfate toxicity
Naloxone (Narcan); Withdrawal (Methadone)
What to expect in ECG results in patients with myocardial ischemia?
T wave inversion/depression
What to expect in ECG results in patients with myocardial injury?
ST segment elevation
What to expect in ECG results in patients with myocardial infarction?
Pathologic Q Waves (Bigger Q waves)
Diseases that presents shortness of breath
-Pulmonary embolus
-COPD
-Asthma
-Pneumonia
-Pneumothorax
Diseases that presents wheezing
-COPD
-Asthma
-Bronchitis
*diseases with bronchoconstriction or airway narrowing.
Common causes of cough include:
Asthma, gastrointestinal reflux disease, infection, side effects of medications such ACE inhibitor
A cough that worsens when the patient is in supine suggests
Postnasal drip (rhinosinusitis)
Term used to describe the expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract
Hemoptysis
Considered to be a very late indicator or sign of hypoxia
Cyanosis
A condition commonly assessed in patients with chronic lung disease or chronic hypoxic conditions
Clubbing of the Fingers
Result of over inflation of the lungs, which increases the anterior posterior diameter of the thorax.
Barrel Chest
It is a hallmark sign of emphysema and COPD
Barrel Chest
Depression in the lower portion of the sternum
Funnel Chest (Pectus Excavatum)
This assessment is often obtained in patients with rickets or Marfan syndrome
Funnel Chest (Pectus Excavatum)
Anterior displacement of the sternum which also increases the anterior posterior diameter
Pigeon Chest (Pectus Carinatum)
Difference between MI and Angina Pectoris
MI is irreversible and Angina Pectoris reversible
Common side effects of nitroglycerine
-Headache
-Orthostatic Hypertension
-Flushing of skin
-Tachycardia
-Dizziness
Describe the mechanism or process behind the heart’s conduction system.
SA node starts each heart beat and sets the pace> from the SA node the electrical impulses spreads through the atria to the AV node to cause a contraction> Once the AV node is finished contracting it is passed through the> bundle of his? left and right bundle branch> purkinje fibers> then spreads towards the ventricles
Refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute
Cardiac Output
How to compute for cardiac output?
stroke volume multiply by the heart rate.
Refers to the amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heart bear
Stroke Volume
Stroke volume is primarily determined by what factors?
-preload
-afterload
-contractility
Normal Pulse Pressure
30-40 mm Hg
Decreased pulse pressure may indicate or suggests:
-HF
-hypovolemia
-shock
-mitral regurgitation
Cardiac biomarkers that indicates myocardial tissue cell death
(Troponin Increase) - Remarkable - 3 Hours
(Myoglobin) - Mauuna - One hour
(CK - Mb)- Kwatro - 4-6 hours increased (creatine kinase myocardial bond)
(AST) - Aspartate aminotransferase - Increased 8 hours
(LDH) - lactate dehydrogenase - increase in 1 day or 24 hrs
What does “BE FAST” stands for and what does this indicate?
“BE FAST” warning signs of Stroke
Balance
Eyes (vision loss)
Facial Dropping
Arm drifting
Slurred speech
Time to call 911
Manifestations of problems with right-sided heart function.
Peripheral and sacral edema, jugular vein distention, and organomegaly
process whereby gases move from an area of high pressure to low pressure.
Diffusion
*This includes during - Internal respiration - this is the movement in the internal tissues between cells and capillaries, and - External respiration - when gas is exchanged between the alveoli and lung capillaries.
refers to the blood flow to tissues and organs. Alveoli are perfused by capillaries so the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide can take place.
Perfusion
sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm
Pulmonary embolism
sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm
Pulmonary embolism
sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm
Pulmonary embolism
sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm
Pulmonary embolism
