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Clinical Lab > Oxygen Therapy- Low Flow > Flashcards

Oxygen Therapy- Low Flow Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the primary goal of Oxygen Therapy?

A

Maintain adequate tissue oxygenation and decrease cardiopulmonary work.

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3
Q

Define cyanosis.

A

Abnormal bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes.

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4
Q

How can cyanosis be confirmed?

A

Blood levels or oximetry can confirm.

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5
Q

What is peripheral cyanosis?

A

Occurs when there is increased oxygen uptake in peripheral tissues; it is not associated with arterial desaturation.

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6
Q

What is central cyanosis?

A

Associated with arterial desaturation and involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds.

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7
Q

List symptoms of mild hypoxia/hypoxemia.

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Headache
  • Shortness of breath
  • Coughing
  • Wheezing
  • Confusion
  • Bluish color in skin, fingernails, lips.
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8
Q

What are early stage symptoms of severe hypoxia/hypoxemia?

A
  • Changes in skin color (blue to cherry red)
  • Confusion
  • Cough
  • Fast heart rate
  • Rapid breathing.
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9
Q

List later stage symptoms of severe hypoxia/hypoxemia.

A
  • Sweating
  • Severe shortness of breath
  • Bradypnea
  • Bradycardia
  • Lethargy.
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10
Q

What chronic response occurs due to hypoxia?

A

Pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension, increasing the workload on the right side of the heart.

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11
Q

What condition can lead to right ventricular failure?

A

Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic hypoxia.

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12
Q

What are some conditions for medical oxygen use?

A
  • Anesthesia
  • COPD
  • Cyanosis
  • Shock
  • Severe hemorrhage
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Major trauma
  • Cardiac/respiratory arrest.
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13
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ can reverse pulmonary hypertension from chronic hypoxia.

A

O2

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14
Q

What is the primary use of a nasal catheter?

A

Short-term O2 administration during specialized procedures such as bronchoscopy and surgery.

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15
Q

What flow rates are used for nasal catheters?

A

¼ to 6 L/min.

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16
Q

What FiO2 range does a nasal catheter deliver?

A

0.22 to 0.45.

17
Q

How often should a nasal catheter be replaced?

A

At least every 8 hours.

18
Q

What is a key feature of a Salter High Flow Nasal Cannula?

A

It has a flowmeter that measures in Liters/Minute.

19
Q

What flow rates are used with low-flow nasal cannulas?

A

1/4 of a liter to 6 L/min.

20
Q

What is the FiO2 range delivered by a nasal cannula?

A

22 to 45%.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: Every increase of 1 Liter of flow raises the FiO2 by approximately ______.

A

4%.

22
Q

List some advantages of nasal cannulas.

A
  • Can be used on adults, children, infants
  • Easy to apply
  • Disposable
  • Low cost
  • Well tolerated at flows under 6 L/min.
23
Q

List some disadvantages of nasal cannulas.

A
  • Unstable FiO2s
  • Easily dislodged
  • Flows greater than 6 L/min may be uncomfortable
  • Can cause nose dryness or bleeding
  • Polys or deviated septum can block flow.
24
Q

What are the best uses for a nasal cannula?

A
  • Stable patients needing low FiO2s
  • Home care patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy.
25
Q

What is the flow rate range for Salter High Flow Nasal Cannula?

A

1-15 L/min.

26
Q

What is transtracheal oxygen therapy?

A

A method of delivering oxygen directly into the lungs via a small, flexible catheter.

27
Q

What are the flow rates for a transtracheal catheter?

A

¼ to 4 L/min.

28
Q

What are the advantages of transtracheal oxygen?

A
  • Reduces the oxygen flow required for the same arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation
  • Improves activity and mobility
  • Enhances physical, social, and psychological function
  • Improves compliance.
29
Q

What are the disadvantages of transtracheal oxygen?

A
  • Requires a mandatory outpatient surgical procedure
  • Potential for infection
  • Tracheal irritation
  • Mucus accumulation.
30
Q

What do low flow oxygen devices provide?

A

A portion of oxygen of every breath.

31
Q

What is the average minute ventilation for an average woman?

A

6.4 L/min.

32
Q

What is the average minute ventilation for an average man?

A

7 L/min.

33
Q

How does tidal volume affect FiO2 inhalation?

A

Patients with small tidal volumes receive more FiO2, while those with large tidal volumes receive less.

34
Q

How does respiratory rate influence FiO2 inhalation?

A

High rates dilute the FiO2 received, while low rates increase FiO2 proportionally.

35
Q

True or False: Low flow oxygen devices have a consistent FiO2 delivery.

A

False.

Clinical Lab (4 decks)

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