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oxygen therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is oxygen therapy?

A

the use of gas to provide the body with extra oxygen

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2
Q

knowledge!

What are some tests used to measure oxygen levels in the blood?

A

-ABG (arterial blood gases)
-SpO2 (saturation percentage of oxygen in the artery or vein)

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3
Q

knowledge!

What is the device used to test for SpO2?

A

Oximeter (test for percentage of O2 saturation in the blood)

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4
Q

knowledge!

How does the ABG blood test measure O2 saturation in the blood?

A

by measuring the partial pressure of oxygen in the artery, which should be around 80-100 mmHg

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5
Q

Why is oxygen listed in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) as a drug?

A

because abuse or misuse of oxygen is harmful and even fatal

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6
Q

Why should the use of anything flammable around a patient with oxygen therapy be avoided?

A

because oxygen is not inflammable, meaning that O2 itself does not catch fire but could cause other flammable material to catch fire at lower temperatures

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7
Q

READ

A
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8
Q

The condition of having a normal pathway and level of O2 in the blood is known as…

A

normoxia

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9
Q

What are the steps of a normal breathing pathway? (normoxia)

A

1: oxygen in the air
2: oxygen transported to the alveoli (PAO2)
3: oxygen exchange (PaO2)
4: hemoglobin
5: blood circulation (CO, local perfusion)
6: tissue uptake and utilization of oxygen
7: return of mixed venous blood to the lung

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10
Q

What are some cases that could require oxygen therapy as a treatment?

A

-correcting hypoxemia
-decreasing myocardial work and work of breathing
-improving sleep (in certain situations)

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11
Q

What are some things that can be improved by long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT)?

A

-quality of life
-exercise capacity
-frequency of haspitalization
-mortality
- depression
- cognative function
- cardiovascular morbidity

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12
Q

true or false, oxygen therapy is used to treat respiratory conditions only.

A

false, it can be used to treat non-respiratory conditions as well

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13
Q

what are some repiratory conditions that are treated with oxygen therapy? (6 mentioned in slide 9)

A
  • relief hypoximia
  • relief hypoxia and its secondary complications
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • polycytemia secondary to hypoximia
  • CO poising
  • sleep apnea
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14
Q

What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxmia?

A

hypoxia is low O2 in tissue, whereas hypoxmia is low O2 in blood

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15
Q

mention some non-respiratory conditions that can be treated with oxygen therapy

A

-cancer
-migrane headaches
-coronary artery disease
-seizure disorders
-sickle-cell crisis
-to speed up healing

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16
Q

knowledge!

What is the physiological reason of CO poisoning?

A

It happens because CO tends to bind to hemoglobin much faster than O2, so if a room has high CO saturation (e.g., fires), it could lead to CO poisoning

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17
Q

READ

A
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18
Q

can oxygen therapy decrease dyspnea?

A

no, it can only improve exercise capacity

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19
Q

What are some indicators to use oxygen therapy?

A

(these are only some; read the rest on slide 11)

-abnormal RR (dyspnea, tachypnea, bradypnea, apnea)

-if the patient is using accessory muscles to breath (shallow breathing)

-tachycardia, hypertension

-suspected hypoxmia (following the initiation of therapy)

-documented hypoxmia (important)

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20
Q

How can one detect hypoxmia in adults, children, infants (older than 28 days), and neonates?

A

Adults, children, and infants older than 28 days are said to have hypoxmia when:
PaO2 < 60 mmHg and/or SaO2 < 90%

whereas it is detected in neonates when:
PaO2 < 50 mmHg and/or SaO2 < 88%

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21
Q

What are some precautions and complications (hazards) of oxygen therapy? (There are 6)

A

-ventilatory depression
-retinopathy of prematurity
-absorption atelecasis
-increased fire hazard around oxygen
-oxygen toxicity
-baterial contamination

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22
Q

What are the three statuses that should be monitored during oxygen therapy?
(what clinical assessments are included in oxygen therapy?)

A
  • cardiac status
  • pulmonary status
  • neurological status
    (as well as physiological parameters such as O2 saturation)
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23
Q

What is a consideration when using oxygen therapy on a patient with COPD?

A

to check for acidosis and give lower range of oxygen therapy

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24
Q

why should a patient with COPD be given a lower range of oxygen therapy?

A

to avoid ventilatory depression

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25
Q

READ

A
26
Q

What are some contraindications for oxygen therapy?

A

there are no adverse contraindications to oxygen therapy; just check the precautions.

27
Q

What are the oxygen delivery equipments?

A

-oxygen source and tubing
-flow meter
-humidifier (provides H2O)

28
Q

What are the two types of flow meters

A

-Bourdon Gauge (oxygen transport)
-Thorpe Tube Flowmeters (commonly used in hospitals).

29
Q

What are the two types of oxygen delivery systems?

A

-low flow
-high flow

30
Q

What is the type of flow when the patient’s inspiratory demand for oxygen is not guaranteed?

A

low flow (inaccurate)

31
Q

When enough flow is delivered to meet the inspiratory demand, what type of flow is this?

A

high flow (acuurate FIO2)

32
Q

true or flase, high flow does not necessarily mean high FIO2

A

ture

33
Q

name the oxygen therapy delivery devices (4 devices)

A

-nasla cannula
-simple mask
-non-rebreathing mask
-venturi mask

34
Q

all of the following are low flow oxygen therapy delivery divices accept:
-nasal cannula
-non-rebreathing mask
-venturi mask
-simple mask
-non of the above

A

-venturi mask

35
Q

prongs is another name for

A

nasal cannula

36
Q

In both a nasal cannula and a simple mask, what does the FIO2 delivery depend on?

A

-flow rate
-pts ventilatory pattern (inspiratory flow)

37
Q

What is the most comfortable type of oxygen therapy device?

A

nasal cannula

38
Q

It is best not to exceed what flow rate for a nasal cannula?

A

4 l/m (1-6 l/m is the range)

39
Q

At what rate should a humidifier be used with the nasal cannula?

A

when the rate is above 4 l/m

40
Q

What is the FIO2% in a nasal cannula best at?

A

36%

41
Q

A simple mask provides FIO2% between … and ….

A

35% and 50%

42
Q

What is the recommended flow rate for a simple mask, and why?

A

> 5 L/m to prevent rebreathing of CO2

43
Q

What is the flow rate of the simple mask in between?

A

6-10 L/m

44
Q

What type of O2 device is useful for patients who need a moderate amount of O2 and those with nasal problems (irritation)?

A

a simple mask

45
Q

What has a higher O2 concentration, a nasal cannula, or a simple mask?

A

simple mask

46
Q

What is a non-rebreathing mask?

A

it is a mask and a reservoir with valves that prevent CO2 rebreathing

47
Q

How much should the reservoir of the non-rebreathing mask be filled with oxygen to avoid collapse during inspiration?

A

2/3

48
Q

What is the function of the valves in a non-rebreathing mask?

A

it limits mixing of exhaled gases and room air with oxygen supply

49
Q

Why is only one of the exhalation valves a one-way valve?

A

for safety, the other valve is a two-way valve to supply the pt with O2 if the reservoir is damaged

50
Q

Where are the valves of the non-rebreathing mask located?

A

between the reservoir and the mask

51
Q

what is the flow rate of a non-rebreathing mask?

A

10-15 l/m

52
Q

what is the FIO2% of the non-rebreathing mask?

A

approx. 95% (high amount of O2)

53
Q

How much of the inspired gas is diverted by the venturi mask?

A

all of the inspired gas

54
Q

Is the FIO2 of the venturi mask affected by the respiratory rate/pattern?

A

no it is not

55
Q

place the colors of the venturi mask in order from least to most delivery

A

-blue
-grey
-orange
-yellow
-red
-green

56
Q

What are some indications for using a humidifier?

A

– Thick and/or dry secretions
– Non-invasive and invasive ventilation
– Nasal cannula (>2 L/min under 2 years of
age or >4 L/min over 2 years of age)
– Facial mask with flowrate >5 L/min

57
Q

true or false
a humidifier is only used with high flow systems

A

false, it can be used with both low and high flow systems

58
Q

What does HBO stand for?

A

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

59
Q

What are the different types of HBO chambres ?

A

-monoplace chamber
-multiplace chamber

60
Q

what conditions is HBO used for?

A

(not limited to these conditions)
-Smoke inhalation
-Carbon monoxide poisoning
-Diving complications
-Burns
-Wound healing (e.g., diabetes)

cardio (5 decks)

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