Oxygen & Nutrition/ Blood Products Flashcards
What are the indications or potential diagnosis for a blood transfusion? Select All That Apply
A. Excessive blood loss
B. Anemia Hgb< 6
C. Burns
D. Kidney failure
E. Hemophilia A
F. All of the above
F
Which blood product: Replaces red blood cells and increases oxygen-carrying capacity. Indicated for symptomatic anemia and gastrointestinal bleeding. One unit increases hemoglobin by 1 g/dL and hematocrit (HCT) by 2-3%.
1. Platelet transfusion
2. Plasma Transfusion
3. Washed RBCs
4. Packed RBCs
- Packed RBCs
Which blood product is given to increases clotting factors and expands blood volume. Indicated for clients with bleeding disorders, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and life-threatening hemorrhage in patients who have significant coagulation deficiencies. Also used to reverse a client’s elevated INR when it needs to be brought down quickly to prevent complications from occurring. One unit increases clotting factors approximately 2-5%?
Fresh Frozen Plasma
FFP
What is albumin?
Expands blood volume and provides plasma proteins. Indicated for the treatment of severe hypovolemia and/or hypoalbuminemia. Albumin helps hold fluid in the vascular space to temporarily prevent and/or correct third spacing.
What blood product is indicated for thrombocytopenia or platelet function abnormalities, as well as for patients undergoing treatment for leukemia, cancer, aplastic anemia, and marrow transplants.
Platelets
What is a nursing action for a platelet infusion?
Platelets are fragile and must be immediately infused once they are brought to the patient’s room and given over 15-30 min( use a small filter and short tubing) rotate the bag because platelets stick to the bag.
What blood product Provides Factor VIII, fibrinogen, and Factor XIII. Indicated for Hemophilia A, von Willebrand’s disease, and Factor XIII deficiency. Also used as a part of “Mass Transfusion” protocols where clotting factor deficiencies are common.
A. Plasma
B. FFP
C. Cryoprecipitates
C.Cryoprecipitates
When is an onset of an Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
A. Within 5 min
B. With 15 min
C. Immediate or can manifest during subsequent transfusion
D. All of the above
D
What are the findings of an Acute Hemolytic transfusion reaction? Name 3
Chills, fever, low-back pain, tachycardia, flushing, hypotension, impending sense of doom
What is the first nursing action with an Acute Hemolytic transfusion ?
Stop the transfusion
What else is a nursing action for an Acute Hemolytic reaction?
Obtain blood and urine samples and send to the lab with unused portion of blood product and blood bag
What is the cause of an Acute Hemolytic reaction?
ABO and Rh incompatibility results in destruction of RBCs
What is a Febrile transfusion reaction?
A reaction which results from the development of anti-WBC antibodies.
When does a Febrile transfusion reaction occur?
Within 2 hours of starting the transfusion
What are the findings for a person with a Febrile transfusion reaction ?
Chills, Temperature increase of 2 degree F or greater than pretransfusion, flushing, hypotension
What is the Nursing Action for a Febrile Transfusion Reaction?
Use a WBC filter for administration to catch the WBCs, Stop the transfusion and administer antipyretics
Sepsis or Bacterial Transfusion Reaction are the result of what?
Contaminated blood products
A patient with Sepsis or a Bacterial Transfusion Reaction appears with what symptoms?
Wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, cyanosis, hypotension, shock
What is the first nursing action for a sepsis reaction?
Stop the transfusion, give antibiotics, and an IV of 0.9% NS , new tubing, and send a blood culture to the lab
What is circulatory overload?
Occurs when the volume of the transfusing blood component causes volume overload (hypervolemia) from an overly rapid administration rate or amount.
What population is at risk for a circulatory overload?
Persons> 65 & those who have a preexisting increased circulatory volume
What is the nursing action for circulatory overload?
Stop or slow the transfusion, position the client upright with the feet lower than the level of their heart, administer, oxygen, diuretics, & morphine as prescribed
Iron supplements known as Ferrous sulfate, Fesol are used for what reason?
To replenish iron stores
How is parenteral iron administered?
Z-track method
