Oxygen Carrying Capacity 2.1

Question 1

Role of Blood in Respiration

Answer 1

1. transportation = transport of O2, CO2 and hormoens + remove metabolic waste
2. temperature regulation = maintenace of fluid volume
3. acid-base balance = chemical buffers in blood to maintain pH

Question 2

Exercise effect on plasma

Answer 2

increase blood plasma by 10%

Question 3

RBC function

Answer 3

needed for oxygen solubility in blood

Question 4

O2 hamaeglobin capacities for men and women

Answer 4

men = 15g per 100mL of blood
women = 14g per 100mL of blood

Question 5

Erythropoiesis

Answer 5

• millions of new RBC produced by red bone marrow every second
• RBCs are anucleate (no DNA/no replication)

Question 6

Polycythaemia

Answer 6

• increase in RBC = increased blood visocisty

Question 7

What influences Erythropoietin stimulation

Answer 7

• hypoxia (caused by anaemia)
• decreased O2 (altitude)
• increased O2 (exercise)

Question 8

Haemolytic

Answer 8

RBC rupture due to bacteria or virus

Question 9

Aplastic anaemia

Answer 9

bone marrow destruction causing abnormal erythropoisesis

Question 10

Pernicious anaemia

Answer 10

inadequate B12 intake

Question 11

Athlete’s anaemia

Answer 11

training temporarily expands plasma volume, causing pesudo anaemia (lower concentrations)

Question 12

Impacts of increased altitude

Answer 12

• decreased atmospheric pressure
• decreased PO2
• increased HB iand O2 carrying capacity

Question 13

How does altitude improve performance

Answer 13

Decreased O2 concentration in air = decreased PO2 in blood = up regulation of EPO production = increased RBC = increased HB content

Question 14

Erythropoietin

Answer 14

a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells (RBCs) by kidneys.

Question 15

Blood O2 carrying capacity (REMEMBER)

Answer 15

1g of HB = 1.34 ml of O2
expressed as mL O2 per 100mL of blood

Question 16

O2 content of blood equation

Answer 16

HB concentration x O2 HB carrying capacity = O2 content of blood

Question 17

Blood O2 Carrying Capacity for men and women

Answer 17

men = 14-18g HB + 18.76 - 24.12 ml O2
women = 12-16g + 16.08-21.44 ml O2

Question 18

Blood O2 Carrying Capacity for doping and anaemia

Answer 18

doping = 18+g + 24.12+ ml O2
anaemia = less than 10g + less than 13.4

Question 19

EPO Process

Answer 19

Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidneys into the bone marrow where RBC production occurs. RBCs then enter into the bloodstream

Question 20

Haematocrit

Answer 20

the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.

Question 21

Doping

Answer 21

increased haematocrit and higher blood viscosity
- increases risk of stroke and heart attack
- increased blood clots in brain, BVs
- heart works harder if blood is too viscous

Question 22

Athlete Bio-Passport

Answer 22

electronic record of individual’s biological values over time from blood and urine samples