Oxygen, Cardio and AED

Question 1

What are 5 safety precautions that should be followed when checking or storing oxygen equipment?

Answer 1

1 - Keep away from heat source
2 - Keep away from oils and sunscreens
3 - No oxygen near naked flame
4 - Lie it down when using or storing
5 - Check O2 bottle works at beginning of every patrol

Question 2

What is the standard colour of O2 bottles in NZ?

Answer 2

Black and white or just white

Question 3

During assemble and checking the regulator, what small item must be in place and serviceable before fitting the regulator to the O2 bottle?

Answer 3

Bodax Seal

Question 4

If you have to ‘crack’ and O2 bottle, what must you do with the white tag around it?

Answer 4

Rip it off

Question 5

What are the 3 types of O2 delivery masks? What are their recommended flow rates for each? What is each mask used for?

Answer 5

• Acute mask, 4-6 L/min, conscious patient, ie shock
• Non-Rebreather, 6-8 L/min, semi conscious patient who has had physical trauma
• Bag Valve mask, 10-15 L/min, unconscious patient during CPR

Question 6

If applying O2 to a patient who is about to be shocked by an AED, what must you do with the mask?

Answer 6

Remove the mask from the patients body before the shock

Question 7

What is a piece of DISPOSABLE equipment that can be used to keep someones airway open?

Answer 7

an OPA

Question 8

If you are alone with an unconscious unresponsive adult patient, what should you do?

Answer 8

Ge get help immediately

Question 9

If you are alone with an unconscious unresponsive child patient, what should you do?

Answer 9

Perform 2 sets of CRP then get help

Question 10

Why should you perform CPR on a child when you first see them but not an adult?

Answer 10

• Children usually get respiratory problem that leads to cardio problem
• Adults usually get cardio problem that leads to respiratory problem
• because of this is is more important to get air into a child because that may solve the problem, adults need to be shocked by AED

Question 11

What should the rate of compressions be when you do CPR? Whats a good song to do it to?

Answer 11

100 beats/min, Stay’in alive

Question 12

How deep do you go into the patients chest when performing compressions?

Answer 12

1/3 of their chest depth

Question 13

What is the ratio of compressions to breaths?

Answer 13

30:2

Question 14

What must you check is clear before you begin CPR?

Answer 14

Check the mouth is clear of debris

Question 15

How long do you look for breathing/signs of life?

Answer 15

10 seconds

Question 16

What are the 3 different situations you would stop CPR?

Answer 16

• Patient recovers
• More qualified person replaces you
• You are too physically exhausted to carry on

Question 17

If a patient starts to breathe again, what should you do with them?

Answer 17

1 - put them in the recovery position
2 - Put non-rebreather on them
3 - continue to monitor patient

Question 18

What are the components of the ‘Chain of Survival’?

Answer 18

• Early recognition of problem
• Early CPR
• Early AED
• Early medical assistance

Question 19

What are 3 safety precautions when using the AED?

Answer 19

1- Nobody touches the patient during the shock
2- Patient shouldn’t be in a pool of water
3- there should be no jewellery on the patient during shock (ie take of necklaces and bracelets, if you can’t take them off just leave them)

Question 20

What are the 4 types of rhythms that the AED detects? What are they? Will it be shocked by the AED?

Answer 20

• Normal sinus rhythm, nothing is wrong, will not shock
• Ventricular Tachycardia, very fast heart rate, will shock
• Ventricular Fibrillation, quivering of the heart, will shock
• Asystole, no heartbeat (flatline) will not shock

Question 21

What are the correct positions of the electrode pads?

Answer 21

On top right of chest and under left armpit

OR WHATEVER ELSE THE INSTRUCTIONS SAY

Question 22

What are 3 important actions to perform prior to placing the pads on the patient?

Answer 22

• Remove all clothes from upper body
• Shave all hair where pads will go to expose skin
• Wipe off all liquids and dirt from chest to allow pads to stick to chest

Question 23

What should you do in the following situations and why:
1 - Non-breathing patient pulled from water
2 - Non-breathing patient seen to collapse in public toilets

Answer 23

1 - Get O2 into patient and perform CPR, then put defib on patient after 2 sets, patient has no had O2 in body for a while and for the AED to work effectively O2 must be perfused through the body
2 - Get defid onto patient ASAP, patient has only just collapsed so there is still O2 in their body so body is perfused so AED will work effectively

Question 24

Who and what must we consider when during and after use of an AED?

Answer 24

• respect cultures by getting family, friends etc. permission
• respect patient by protecting patient from public eye, ie have guards surround with towels
• Provide reassurance and some kind of clothing afterwards to cover them up

Question 25

What is the chain of survival? explain the purpose of them

Answer 25

• EARLY RECOGNITION - quickly recognise the signs of a heart attack and call emergency services
• EARLY CPR - creates the circulation of blood buying time while waiting for more advanced first aid
• EARLY DEFRIBILLATION - attach the defib as soon as possible to restart the heart
• POST RESUSCITATION CARE - restores the patients quality of life

Question 26

How much of your hand/s should you use and what should their head tilt be for CPR on an adult, child and baby patient?

Answer 26

• Adult: 2 hands, maximum head tilt
• Child: 1 hand, max head tilt
• baby: 2 fingers, no head tilt

Question 27

When should CPR be discontinued?

Answer 27

• when the patient recovers (begins to breathe)
• when someone replaces you
• when patient put under doctor or ambulance personnel care
• when you cannot physically continue
• when a doctor or paramedic declares them dead

Question 28

How would you know and what would you do if after CPR/AED patient recovered in your care?

Answer 28

• can tell as patient will begin to breathe again (don’t check heart beat)
• roll patient into recovery position, continue to monitor airways/breathing, contact emergency services (only if you haven’t already)

Question 29

How should you care for a patient after recovering from CPR?

Answer 29

• leave defib pads on and AED turned on (if applied)
• maintain clear airway
• continue to monitor AVPU and breathing
• protect patient from hot/cold/other environmental conditions
• handle patient gently at all times
• reassure the patient and make them comfortable
• protect patients privacy and dignity

Question 30

What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 30

• pain in their chest which may spread to neck, throat, jaw, shoulders etc.
• sweating
• shortness of breath and dizziness
• nausea

Question 31

How would you manage a heart attack?

Answer 31

• DRSABCD first
• contact ambulance/emergency services ASAP and stay with them until they arrive
• make the patient as comfortable as possible, if they fall unconscious place in recovery position
• loosen tight clothing around neck and waist
• be prepared to perform CPR and have a AED on hand

Question 32

What is the difference between a Angina, heart attach and cardiac arrest?

Answer 32

• Angina is when there is chest discomfort, normally brought upon by exercise and normally goes away by 15min
• Heart attach is when one of the coronary arteries is blocked and no longer provides blood for that part of the heart anymore resulting in muscle cells dying
• Cardiac Arrest is caused when the heart has stopped beating regularly or sufficiently enough to circulate blood effectively resulting in unconsciousness and no breathing