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NUR 111 exam 3 > oxygen > Flashcards

oxygen Flashcards

1
Q

what is impaired gas exchange

A

high altitudes
hypoventilation altered oxygen carrying capacity from blood
reduced hemoglobin
pt who smokes
pulmonary issues prolonged periods of immobility
chest and upper abdominal incisions at risk

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2
Q

what is ineffective airway clearance

A

acute (post op)
chronic (CVA or spinal injury)
older adults with increased incident of emphysema and chronic cough/sputum

s/s:
abnormal RR/rhythm/depth
dyspnea
cyanosis

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3
Q

what is ineffective breathing pattern

A

abdominal wall during inhalation and expiration, do not maintain optimum ventilation
causes HF hypoxia
diaphragmatic paralysis
trauma
surgery airway obstruction

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4
Q

what are adventitious lung sounds

A

abnormal breath sounds

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5
Q

COPD

A

progressive disorder that alters structure of respiratory system over time
irreversible but manageable
repeated exacerbations

s/s:
dyspnea, sputum production, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
80% due to cigarette smoking
barrel chest, diminished breath sounds, sputum, pursed lip breathing/clubbing

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6
Q

alterations

A

cystic fibrosis
pneumonia
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
bronchiolitis
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
sudden infant death syndrom

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7
Q

barrel chest

A

chronic emphysema

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8
Q

pigeon chest

A

forward protrusion of chest

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9
Q

funnel chest

A

sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages

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10
Q

pnuemothorax

A

air entry into plueral space

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11
Q

lung collapses

A

manifestations:
sudden pleuritic pain worsened by breathing, coughing
decreasing absent breath sounds over affected side
asymmetrical chest wall movement
SOB
cyanosis

treatment: chest tube

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12
Q

asthma

A

inflammation of the lung characterized by recurrent episodes by difficulty breathing SOB, wheezing, chest tightening - pressure, coughing

s/s:
tachypnea, tachycardia, anxiety, apprehension
mild brief period may resolve spontaneously

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13
Q

asthma triggers

A

common allergens
exercise
cold/hot air
viral infections
stress
genetic factors
air pollution
allergies
pets
smoking

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14
Q

diagnostic tests for asthma

A

peak expiratory flow reading
allergy testing
ABGs
prevent/control symptoms
pulmonary function test
chest x-ray
CO2 and O2 saturation monitor
reduce frequency and severity of exacerbation

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15
Q

asthma treatment

A

metered dose inhaler
nebulizer
bronchodilators
avoid beta blockers = causes bronchospasm
ex. atenolol and NSIDS (Ibuprofen)

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16
Q

nasal cannula

A

1 -6 L/min
greater than 3 humidify

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17
Q

simple face mask

A

5 - 10 L/min
40 - 60%
mouth breathers

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18
Q

partial rebreather

A

6 - 15 L/min
70 - 100%

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19
Q

venturi mask

A

24 - 50%

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20
Q

other oxygen devices

A

trach collar
T-piece
ventilators

21
Q

room air

A

21%

22
Q

conversational dyspnea

A

trouble when talking
keeping conversation

23
Q

paroxysmal noctural dyspnea

A

trouble breathing at night

24
Q

orthophea

A

difficulty breathing while lying down

25
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing
requires immediate CPR

26
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

gradual increase in depth followed by decrease in depth then period of apnea

27
Q

biot’s

A

irregular, shallow alternating apnea
damage to respiratory center

28
Q

kussmaul

A

regular but increased rate and abnormally deep may be caused by fear, anxiety, panic, metabolic disorder

29
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breaths
< 10 per min

30
Q

tachypnea

A

fast and shallow
> 24 per min

31
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing 12 - 20 per min

32
Q

tridor

A

high pitched, with narrowing

33
Q

crackles

A

popping - high pitched

34
Q

rhonchi

A

coarse - low pitched

35
Q

wheezing

A

high pitched whistling

36
Q

plural friction rub

A

low pitched crackles

37
Q

bronchial

A

loud high pitched sounds
over trachea
longer on exhalation than inhalation

38
Q

broncho vesicular

A

soft low pitched sounds
peripheral lung field
ventilation: inhaling and exhaling
air through lungs to make adequate oxygen in alveoli

39
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs
thin walls of capillaries where oxygen and CO2 pass back and forth produces surfactant

40
Q

surfactant

A

lipoprotein
lowers surface tension and allows then to inflate while breathing
specialized cells prevents collapse and stick alevoli
collapse = affect ventilation (RR/depth) hypo vs hyper

41
Q

peak flow monitoring

A

measures the amount of air that can be exhaled with forcible effort
asthma pt use to monitor subtle changes
L/min

42
Q

green

A

all clear

43
Q

yellow

A

20 - 50% reduction
increase maintenance meds
rescue bronchodilators
call DR

44
Q

red

A

< 50% baseline
reduce bronchodilators
immediate treatment - emergency care

45
Q

interventions for pt with respiratory distress

A

administer respiration medication
provide oxygen
promote optimal respiration function
stop smoking
high fowlers
spirometer aspiration
monitor activity tolerance

46
Q

Beta 2 Agonist

A

“-buterol”
brutal asthma attacks
albuterol amps the body
first drug in asthma attacks
increases airflow and increase flow in the heart = rapid heart rate

SE: tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, toss/turn @ night, difficulty sleeping

teaching: avoid beta blockers and NSAIDS
2 - 4 puffs/20 min 3 Xs - notify HCP post

if effective: decreases RR, O2 @ 90% or more

47
Q

anticholinergics

A

“tropium”
itratropium / tiotropium
moderate to severe asthma
COPD
2nd drug in asthma attack
anticholinergics, antisecretion, acetycholine

SE: dry mouth, hoarseness
pt who can’t see, pee, shit, or spit do not give

48
Q

methylaxthines

A

“-phylline”
theophyline
caffeine = HR toxic if more than 20 mcg/mL
toxic clonic seizures 1st priority

SE: anorexia, insomnia, tachycardia, dsyrthmias, alert HCP of tachycardia by next dose

teach: take in M, avoid beta blockers b/c HR decreases - atenolol, NSAIDS, naproxen/ibuprofen, decrease HR; stop before cardiac stress test, avoid caffeine

49
Q

2 drugs that increase toxic risk

A

cimetidine (H2 blocker) = heart burn
ciprofloxin (ABX)
do not give tropium to pt who can’t see, pee, shit, spit

NUR 111 exam 3 (2 decks)

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