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Biochem 1 > Oxidative Phosphorylation > Flashcards

Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation (Oxphox)

A

The process in which energy in the form of e- is passed to electron carriers and used indirectly to form ATP

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2
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation example

A

Ox step:
NADH + H+ + o2 –> NAD+ + H2O

FADH2 + O2 –> FAD + H2O

Phos step:
ADP + Pi –> ATP

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3
Q

Where is acetyl CoA generated?

A

matrix of mitochondria

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4
Q

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

A

A series of protein complexes located at the inner membrane of the mitochondria

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5
Q

Where are the protein complexes of the ETC located?

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

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6
Q

What are the protein complexes of ETC made of?

A

lipids and multiple proteins

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7
Q

Which protein complex of the ETC is in the TCA?

A

succinate dehydrogenase (Complex 2)

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the prosthetic groups in the protein complexes??

A

electron carriers - continue passing electrons

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9
Q

What are mobile electron carries?

List them.

A

Not tightly membrane bound. Can move around the inner mitochondrial membrane from one complex to the next

  • NAD
  • Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone - fully oxidized state)
  • Cytochrome C
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10
Q

What are non-mobile elctron carriers

A

Prosthetic groups
Tihghly bound to enzyme

FAD
Fe-S centers
Hemes

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11
Q

What is Heme

A

found in cytochrome a, b1, c1
embedded in specific ETC protein complexes
can act as electon carrier, it foes from ferric (Fe3+, oxidized) to ferrous (Fe2+, reduced)
-FE is tightly bound, held by 4 nitrogens in porphyrin ring
not to be confuses with cytochrome C

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12
Q

What is unique about complex 1

A

-only pint where nadh give up electrons

NADH goes from reduced state to oxidized state and releases a H

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13
Q

What happens when elctrons travel from one carruer to the next

A

energy is created

so H pumped from matrix to intermembrane spcae

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14
Q

Where do the electrons from compelx 1 and 2 end

A

coenzyme q

becoems fully reduced in compelx 2

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15
Q

Whats the diffence bw compelx one and two

A

in comepelx 2elctrons does not create enoguh energy to push H

so there is no proton gradient here in complex 2

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16
Q

What is unique about complex 1

A

-only pint where fadh2 give up electrons

17
Q

What is the e- collection site for compelx 1 and 2

A

COq

18
Q

Who does coq give elctorns to and how?

A

compelx 3

Complex 3 has two binding sites for coq
one for fully reduced (ubiquinol)
one for fully oxidized (ubiquinone)

19
Q

Why complex 3 has teo bindind sites

A

One site for coQ binding when it is fully reduced
and another site for CoQ. fully oxidized CoQ binding.

CoQ comes with 2 electrons but compelx 3 can collect 1 e at a time

For each QH2 oxidized, 4H+ are pumped to the intermembrane space

20
Q

Explain the CoQ cycle

Look at yt vid for better explanation

A

Transfer of 2e- from QH2 to complex III must occur 1 e- at a time

complex 3 has 2 binding sites for CoQ

The fully reduced CoQ binds and one e- goes to cytochrome c

Cytochrome C can only acceot one e-

The coQ that gave the elctron is now a semiquinone free radical (it has 1 e-)

That remaining 1 e- will eventually go to the other CoQ that is fully oxidized’

Since it has now lost its 2 e-, it is now fully oxidized and it leaves the binding site (bc gthe binding site was for reduced coQ)

But now we have the other coQ that is now a semiquinine free radical. SQ can react with O2 and produce oxygen radicals

Another fully reduced CoQ comes in, same process is repeated (1 e- goes to cytochrome C and the other e- goes to the electon other carriers in comlex 3)it becomes fully reduced and leaves

semiquinone will capute e- coming from the electron carriers in compelx 3, then leave its site.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-r0OAReDKc

21
Q

what is unique about compex 4

A

where o2 resides (final e- colector)

When o2 collects elctions, h being produces prodcues water

22
Q

What is purpose of the proton gradient

A

used as energy to activate ATP synthatse where ADP can be covented to ATP

23
Q

How H return to the matrix

A

throught the barrel part of the comppelx onthe ATPase

24
Q

How does ATP leave the matrix

A

when one ATP leaves matrix, 1 ADP enters. This movement requires `1 H

ADP/ATP translocase carries the ATP.ADP in and out

25
Q

Which molecules there are no translocators for

A

AND+, NADH

Coa, acetyl Co-a and acyl -Coa
oaxlacetate

tehy use another shuttle system and possibly change from one form to another then change back when it reaches its desired location

26
Q

What is the outcome of inhibition of electron trasnport

A

elctron transfer is initated at compelx 1 and 2
if these two are inhibited, no electron transfer occurs and wont be any proton gradiaent buolsing up and imapcts synthesis ATP synthesis

ultimately, no flux of electorns affects proton gradient and no ATP being generated

27
Q

What is meant by coupling of electron transfer and ATP synthesis

A

Electron transport requires ATP synthesis

ATP synthesis requires electron transport

28
Q

If a person consumedachimcial that irreversible inhibited all cytochromesi nteh ETC:

  1. the amount of heat generated from NADH eould incrase
  2. Death would result from a lack of ATP
  3. The rate of succinate oxiadation wouldnot change
  4. An electrochemical gradient could still be generated
A

2

29
Q

Transer of elctrns throgh hich of teh following elctrong trasnport chain compelxes doe not geneae enogh enery tp drive the synthesis of ATP

  1. Compelx 1
  2. complex 2
  3. complex 3
  4. complex 4
A

complex 2

30
Q

What are the electron carriers of individual protein complexes called?

A

Prosthetic groups

31
Q

What is the final electron acceptor?

A

Oxygen

32
Q

What are Fe-S centers

A
  • One electron carrier (even when 2> iron atoms mare present)
  • coordination by cysteins in the protein
  • containing equal number of iron and sulfur atoms
  • Rieske Fe-S proteins (another confirmation) : 1 Fe is coordinated to two His instead of 2 Cys
  • At least 8 Fe-S proteins function in mitochondrial ETC
33
Q

O2 consumption and ATP synthesis

A

O2 consumption and ATP synthesisdepends on the presence of ADP + Pi and an oxidizable substrate

34
Q

What happens if ADP is not available

A

succinate cant be oxidized

inhibits ATP synthesis, will inhibit e- trans to O2

Biochem 1 (22 decks)

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