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Nicholas chem > Oxidation, reduction, and redox reactions > Flashcards

Oxidation, reduction, and redox reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

formula for ammonia

A

NH3

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2
Q

formula for methane

A

CH4

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3
Q

formula for hydrogen sulfide

A

H2S

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4
Q

what is oxidation?

A
  • the loss of electrons

OR

  • the gain of oxygen (or any electronegative element)

OR

  • the loss of hydrogen (or any electropositive element)
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5
Q

what is reduction?

A
  • the gain of electrons

OR

  • the loss of oxygen (or any electronegative element)

OR

  • the gain of hydrogen (or any electropositive element)
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6
Q

what is an oxidising agent?

A

species that gain electrons

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7
Q

what is a reducing agent?

A

species that lose electrons

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8
Q

define oxidation state.

A

A number which represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom of that element in the compound.

(if electrons are lost number is positive, if electrons are gained number is negative)

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9
Q

What is the oxidation state of oxygen in OF2 ?

A

[O] = +2

(otherwise [O] = -2 in most other compounds)

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10
Q

what is the oxidation state of hydrogen in KH ?

A

[H] = -1

([H] = -1 is for metal hydrdes. otherwise [H] = +1 in most other compounds)

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11
Q

what is the oxidation state of chlorine in NaClO ?

A

[Cl] = +1

(otherwise [Cl] = -1 in most other compounds. NaClO is formed in a disproportionation reaction)

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12
Q

define the term disproportionation

A

where in a redox reaction, the oxidation states of atoms of the same element, increases for some atoms, whereas decreases for some atoms

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13
Q

what is the oxidation state of phosphorus in PCl5 ?

A

[P] = +5

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14
Q

what is the oxidation state of nitrogen in ammonia?

A

[N] = -3

(as ammonia is NH3)

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15
Q

what is the oxidation state of arsenic in AsO4^3- ?

A

[As] = +5

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16
Q

what is the oxidation state of iron in K4Fe(CN)6 ?

A

[Fe] = +2

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17
Q

Why is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^5 a weaker reducing agent than 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 ?

A

The 2p electron is closer to the nucleus (smaller atom) than
the 4s electron. Hence the nuclear attraction is stronger so
the 2p electron is lost less easily than the 4s electron.

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18
Q

What happens in a redox reaction.

A

● Electrons are transferred from one species
(element) to another.

● One element is oxidised whilst another is
reduced.

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19
Q

Why is, 2CrO4^2- + 2H+ → Cr2O7^2- + H2O, not a redox reaction?

A

Chromium is oxidised whereas hydrogen remains the same oxidation state (no element is reduced).

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20
Q

What are the half equations and the ionic equation for: SnO + Zn → ZnO + Sn

A

Half Equations:
● Sn^2+ + 2e- → Sn
● Zn → Zn^2+ + 2e

Ionic Equation:
● Sn^2+ + Zn → Sn + Zn^2+

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21
Q

formula for Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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22
Q

formula for nitric acid

A

HNO3

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23
Q

formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

24
Q

formula for phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

25
Q

formual for Sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

(base)

26
Q

formual for potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

(base)

27
Q

formula for ammonia

A

NH3

(base)

28
Q

formula for calcium hydroxide (limewater)

A

Ca(OH)2

(base)

29
Q

Chloride ion

A

Cl-

30
Q

Bromide ion

A

Br-

31
Q

Fluoride ion

A

F-

32
Q

Iodide ion

A

I-

33
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

OH-

34
Q

Nitrate ion

A

NO3^-

35
Q

Oxide ion

A

O^2-

36
Q

sulfide ion

A

S^2-

37
Q

sulfate ion

A

SO4^2-

38
Q

Carbonate ion

A

CO3^2-

39
Q

Chlorate ion

A

ClO-

40
Q

Phosphate ion

A

PO4^3-

41
Q

Hydrogencarbonate ion

A

HCO3^-

42
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

H+

43
Q

Sodium ion

A

Na+

44
Q

Silver ion

A

Ag+

45
Q

Potassium ion

A

K+

46
Q

Lithium ion

A

Li+

47
Q

Ammonium ion

A

NH4^+

48
Q

Barium ion

A

Ba^2+

49
Q

Calcium ion

A

Ca^2+

50
Q

Copper (ii) ion

A

Cu^2+

51
Q

Magnesium ion

A

Mg^2+

52
Q

Zinc ion

A

Zn^2+

53
Q

Lead ion

A

Pb^2+

54
Q

Iron (ii) ion

A

Fe^2+

55
Q

Iron (iii) ion

A

Fe^3+

56
Q

Aluminium ion

A

Al^3+

Nicholas chem (1 decks)

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