Oxidation and the chemistry of cooking Flashcards
What are alcohols?
Carbon compounds that contain the hydroxyl functional group (-OH)
Rules of naming alcohols?
- numbering from the side which gives the -OH the lowest number
- ensuring the -OH takes priority over any branches
What is a primary alcohol?
When the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group is bonded to a maximum of 1 other carbon
What is a secondary alcohol?
When the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group is bonded to 2 other carbons
What is a tertiary alcohol?
When the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group is bonded to 3 other carbons
What does the boiling point of alcohols increase as they have more -OH groups?
Adding hydroxyl groups means the molecules are being held together by hydrogen bonding meaning much more energy has to be supplied to overcome the hydrogen bonding
Name 2 suitable oxidising agents:
• Acidified potassium dichromate
• Hot copper (||) oxide
When tertiary alcohols are oxidised what happens?
Tertiary alcohols do no undergo oxidation readily
When primary alcohols are oxidised what happens?
They produce aldehydes
When secondary alcohols are oxidised what happens?
They produce ketones
How can aldehydes and keystones be identified?
By the presence of the carbon - oxygen double bond (carbonyl group)
Where is the carbonyl group in an aldehyde?
At the end of the carbon chain and has a hydrogen atom attached to it
Where is the carbonyl group in a ketone?
Joined to 2 other carbon atoms and does not have a hydrogen attached to it
What takes priority when naming branches aldehydes and ketones?
The carbonyl functional group
When naming a ketone what is it necessary to specify?
The number of the carbonyl group
E.g. the 3 in 4-methyloctan-3-one
