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Grammar and vocabulary stuff > Oxford English Grammar Course (B1) > Flashcards

Oxford English Grammar Course (B1) Flashcards

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1
Q

affirmative sentences or statements

A

are not questions or negatives

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2
Q

auxiliary verbs

A

Are use before other verbs to make questions tenses - for example, do you thing

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3
Q

comparatives

A

Example, older, better ,more beautiful, more slowly

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4
Q

conditional

A

A structure using the conjugation if

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5
Q

Conjunctions

A

For example ,but, because, while

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6
Q

Consonants

A

z,b,t,g and h

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7
Q

Contractions

A

Short forms like i’m ,you’re,he’ll,don’t

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8
Q

Conversational

A

formal

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9
Q

Countable nouns

A

one chair

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10
Q

uncountable nouns

A

oil,rice

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11
Q

determiners

A

words like the,some,many,my,which go before (adjective+ ) noun

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12
Q

double letters

A

pp,tt

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13
Q

imperatives

A

go home,come and sit down

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14
Q

indirect speech

A

John said that he was tired

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15
Q

modal verbs and auxiliary verbs

A

must,can,could,may,might,shall,should,ought to ,will and would

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16
Q

opposite

A

hot is the opposite of cold

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17
Q

Participles

A

gone,seen,stopped

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18
Q

personal pronouns

A

my,your,mine,yours,John’s ,my brother’s

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19
Q

Prepositions

A

at,in,on,between

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20
Q

present participles

A

going,sleeping

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21
Q

She is walking

A

present progressive

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22
Q

pronouns

A

i,you,anybody,themselves

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23
Q

question tags

A

isn’t it?

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24
Q

reflexive pronouns

A

myself,yourself

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25
Q

relative pronouns

A

who,which and that when they join clauses to nouns

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26
Q

full stop

A

.

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27
Q

subject and object

A

She took the money- everybody saw her ,the subject are she and everybody,the object are the money and her

28
Q

superlatives

A

for example oldest,best,most beautiful

29
Q

third person

A

she ,them ,himself,has ,goes

30
Q

vowels

A

a,e,i,o,u

31
Q

constants

A

b,c,d,f,g

32
Q

When we can use adjectives and nouns

A

We can use adjectives,nouns or expressions of place after be

33
Q

When we can use be as well?

A

We can use be to talk about age,size,height,weight and colour

34
Q

Where is there + be

A

We use there + be to introduce things: to tell people that they exist

35
Q

AS WELL(be)

A

Be can be an auxiliary verb in progressive tenses:
This is raining
This was made in 1850

36
Q

When we can use have(in other tenses)

A

We can use have to talk about possessions,relationships and some other things;(I don’t have any children)
Have is often used with got;
And we can use have to talk about some kind of actions;(let’s have a party)
Have can also be an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses(I haven’t heard from Alan

37
Q

There is : more complicated structures

A

There seems to be a delay
There may be a problem
There must be a car
Is there likely to be a test
There’s no point in asking questions
Is there anything wrong?
I don’t want there to be any trouble
I’d like there to be more hours in the day
There will be enough,won’t there?

38
Q

Have with got and do

A

I’ve got a headache
Have you got a credit card with you?
We haven’t got much time
Do you have today’s paper?
Did Lily have your keys?

GOT-forms are most common in the present.THE PAST FORMS had are more common without got
(i had a bad cold last week)

39
Q

Common expressions with “have”?

A

to have a fight,to have a quarrel,to have a nervous breakdown

40
Q

Present progressive

A

I am working

41
Q

Repeatedly

A

without ending

42
Q

When we use present simple as well?

A

We can’t use the simple present in commentaries instructions, stories and jokes, to describe events that happen one after another

43
Q

When we use present progressive?

A

We use the present, progressive or present, continues to talk about things that are happening just around the time when we speak
(I’m working hard these days);
We use the present progressive to talk about changes that are happening
(Transport is getting worse)

44
Q

When we use present simple

A

We use the simple present to describe events that happened one after another in commentaries and demonstrations. We also use the present present to ask for and give instructions.

45
Q

Some common non-progressive verbs

A

Believe,forget,hate,know,like,love,mean,need,prefer,remember,seem,understand,want,agree,belong,contain,depend,matter,mind,own,realise,recognise,suppose

46
Q

what are the most common ways to talk about the future?

A

with the going to structure - I’m really going to tell her what i think of her;
with the present progressive - we’re meeting Malcolm tomorrow;
with “will” - the treasurer will be in the office from 9.00 till 2.00;
future progressive - this time tomorrow i’ll be lying on the beach ;
be + infinitive - the president is to visit Scotland in September;
future in the past - I didn’t realise what would happen;
future perfect - i’ll have finished the job by supper time ;
future perfect progressive - future perfect progressive - next summer i’ll have been studying english for six years

47
Q

Going to

A
  • when a future situation is starting,or clearly on the way
48
Q

going to (2 part)

A

We often use going to for plans and intentions,especially in conversation

49
Q

when we use “will”?

A

We use will to give or ask for information about the future,when there is no reason to use a present verb form

50
Q

About “will”?

A

We use will to give or ask for information about the future,when there is no reason to use a present verb-form - we will need the money on the 15th;
We often use will to predict the future - to say what we think ,guess or calculate will happen - tomorrow will be warm,with some cloud in the afternoon

51
Q

Note about “will” but with using “shall”

A

We can say i shall and we shall instead of will and we will ,there is no difference of meaning in modern English.Will is more common

52
Q

“Will you ..?» can introduce instructions,orders and requests;
Would you ..? is softer ,and can be used to make requests more polite

A

Will you get me a paper while you’re out?
Will you be quiet,please?;
Would you watch the children for a few minutes?

53
Q

When we use present progressive and “going to)

A

We use the present progressive mostly for fixed plans with a definite time and/or place:
I’m going to see Ann some time soon;
I’m meeting Pat at the theatre at 8:00

54
Q

Predictions : going to and will

A

Going to : we can see the future in the present: we see things coming or starting;
will : we think or believe things about the future

55
Q

Future progressive

A

We can use the future progressive to say that something will be going on at a certain time in the future - this time tomorrow i’ll be skiing.

56
Q

We can use the future progressive to ask politely ‘ what have you already decided?’ Compare:

A

Will you stay in this evening?(request or order)
Are you going to stay in this evening?(perhaps pressing for a decision)
Will you be staying in this evening?(just asking about plans)

57
Q

We can talk about the future by saying that something is to happen.we often use this structure to talk about official plans and fixed personal arrangements.
ALSO
You are (not) to can be used (for example by parents) to give a orders

A

I felt nervous because i was soon to leave home for the first time;
She can go out ,but she’s not to be back late

58
Q

Future in the past:

A

She was a little nervous,because she was flying to America the next day

59
Q

We can use the future perfect progressive to say how long something will have continued by a certain time:

A

NeXT Christmas i’ll have been teaching for twenty years

60
Q

We use the past simple for complete finished actions.We often use it in stories:

A

A man walked into the library and asked..

61
Q

Past tenses can make requests,questions and suggestions less direct,and so more polite:

A

I wondered if you were free this evening

62
Q

We only use double letters in stressed syllables

A

preFER - preferred ,BUT. WONder - wondered

63
Q

The past modal forms would ,could ,and might are often used in this way

A

I thought it would be nice;
You might see if the consulate can help you;
Could i ask you to translate this for me?

64
Q

Past progressive ways can be used in the same way

A

I was wondering if I could use your phone

65
Q

We use the present perfect to talk about past actions with some importance now

A

I’ve written to John ,so he knows what’s happening

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