Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCB II Block 2 > Ox Phos > Flashcards

Ox Phos Flashcards

1
Q

ETC oxidizes

A

NADH & FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ETC donates electrons to

A

O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

energy from O2 reduction is used by

A

ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

complex I

A

NADH acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name of complex I

A

NADH dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

draw out the four complexes and pathway

A

pg 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CoQ transfers electrons to

A

cytochrome c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cytochrome c carries electrons to

A

complex IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

complex IV will reduce

A

O2 to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in ox phos energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to make

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

draw out the four complexes and pathway

A

pg 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what determines flow of electrons

A

reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

electrons are transferred from low to

A

higher energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

for a negative delta G, need what E

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Delta E =?

A

E acceptor - E donor (pg 5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the one that will acquire electrons is one with highest

A

reduction potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Complex I has noncovalently bound

A

flavin mononucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FMN stands for

A

flavin mononucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FMN accepts

A

two electrons from NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in complex I Several iron-sulfur centers pass

A

one electron at a time toward the ubiquinone binding site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

draw out the Q cycle**

A

pg 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which complex has cytochrome c

A

complex IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what has more energy NADH or FADH

A

NADH - it has more substance/meat than FADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is ultimately driving the synthesis of ATP

A

the energy from the proton-motive force

there’s more H+ outside the inner membrane than inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

translocation of how many protons fuels synthesis of one ATP

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

overal Delta G of oxidation of NADH to O2

A

-53 kcal/mol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

overall delta G of oxidation of FADH2 to O2

A

-41 kcal/mol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

each NADH yields how many ATP

A

2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what happens to the energy that isn’t used by ox phos

A

heat - this is important to keep us warm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

if we need energy, like when we exercise

A

Ox phos will increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

at rest, what happens to ATP hydrolysis, ADP, and proton influx

A

they all decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

at rest, what happens to electorchemical gradient

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

at rest, what happens to NADH and FADH2

A

they are not oxidized and inhibit enzymes that generate them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

even with rapid muscle contraction, ATP levels

A

only drop 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

when we exercise, what happens to calcium levels in cell

A

it allows contraction of muscle but also revs up making ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

when we exercise we have connection b/w CNS, motor neurons and neuromuscular junction, in the process of the transition we use what as a way to depol the cell

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

creatine does what

A

phosphorylated to produce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

phosphocreatine produces

A

creatine

39
Q

what is moving b/w filament and mitochondria

A

creatine

40
Q

what is the main way we produce ATP

A

ox phos

41
Q

NADH has to be what in order for glycolysis to mvoe

A

oxidized

42
Q

high levels of NADH vs. NAD+ what happens

A

make

43
Q

which is faster anaerobic or aerobic

A

anaerobic

44
Q

if NAD+ is not recovered what wil happen

A

glycolysis will cease

45
Q

how NAD+ is recovered determines the fate of

A

pyruvate

46
Q

inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to

A

NADH

47
Q

what is the major shuttle in most tissues

A

glycerol 3 phosphate shuttl

48
Q

what does glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle do

A

it shuttles things from cytosol to mitochondria, specifically electrons iself, not NADH

49
Q

besides glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle, what is another shuttle?

A

malate-aspartate shuttle

50
Q

look at and comprae the difference b/w the two shuttles

A

pg 21

51
Q

when levels of citrate increase, what can happen

A

citrate can leave mitochondria and go to cytosol and go to phosphofructokinase-1

52
Q

phosphofructokinase-1 is inhibited by

A

citrate

53
Q

name a communication b/w TCA cycle and glycolysis

A

citrate will stop phosphofructokinase-1

54
Q

if you inhibit the ETC it is a

A

toxic substance

55
Q

why is cyanide poisioning toxic

A

CN- inhibits complex IV of the ETC

56
Q

two places where carbon monoxide is toxic, one is blood and one is

A

blocks complex IV of ETC

57
Q

what is the disease with earl onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic neuropathology consisting of focal, bilateral lesions in one or more areas of the central nervous system, including brainstem, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, spinal cord.

A

leigh syndrome

58
Q

how can leigh syndrome be caused by two different defects

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase & pyruvate carboxylase
pyruvate carboxylase produces oxaloacetate. if body can’t produce oxaloacetate, leads to problems in energy production.
mutations in ox phos in any of the complexes can also cause leigh

59
Q

mitochondrial mutations result in a rare form of

A

diabetes

60
Q

what is Km of binding for ATP to bind to potassium channel

A

low affinity, so high km

61
Q

inhibitors of the electron transport chain disrupt

A

oxidative phosphorylation

62
Q

dinitrophenol

A

it diffuses the proton gradient. it take H from intramembrouns space and dissipates it, so what happens to ox phos? it goes away (or slows down or is less efficient)

63
Q

how is dinitrophenol a diet pill

A

makes electron transport system slower, you will lose weight, why? if you disconnect the ETC from ox phos, you can’t make fat. so you will lose a LOT of weight.

64
Q

cyanide binds to

A

Iron in heme of cytochrome c oxidase

65
Q

what does pt take if they have cyanid poiionisng

A

vitamin B 12

66
Q

how does vitamin b12 help with cyanide poision?

A

vitamin b 12 has very high affinity for cyanide, so you get rid of cyanide

67
Q

acute exposure to high HCN

A

gives brief CNS stimulation followed by convulsion, coma & death.

68
Q

acute exposure to low HCN

A

light-headedness, breathlessness, dizziness, numbness, headaches.

69
Q

if you expend ATP fast (like shivering), what happens to electron transport system?

A

it has to work fast

70
Q

how does shivering produce heat

A

ETC is not efficient, 70% goes to heat. so it’s used as a tool to heat the body

71
Q

non-shivering thermogenesis

A

person taking dnp will make the ETC work more and produce heat

72
Q

succinate activates

A

complex II

73
Q

ATP synthesis requires

A

electron transport

74
Q

what happens to oxygen in complex IV

A

it is reduced

75
Q

how many electrons does it take to reduce oxygen in complex IV

A

4

76
Q

in complex IV what happens with hydrogen

A

four protons are pumped from matrix to intermembrane space

77
Q

when are protons pumped across the membrane during ox phos

A

as electrons move through complexes I, III, & IV

78
Q

how many total protons are passed for each NADH molecule reduced

A

10

79
Q

the electrochemical gradient couples the rate of ETC to the rate of

A

ATP synthesis

80
Q

inhibition of oxphos leads to accumulation of

A

NADH

81
Q

any inhibition of the ETC inhibits

A

ATP synthesis, b/c they are tightly coupled

82
Q

name some inhibitors of ETC

A 
amytal rotenone
Antimycin A
CN-
CO
H2S
NaN3
83
Q

explain how mitochondrial mutations result in rare form of diabetes

A

if you have defects in ox phos, you can’t make ATP (or don’t make enough) and then you can’t depol the membrane, and then Ca2+ won’t cause insulin to be released.
pg 25

84
Q

what is the function of ATP synthase

A

makes ATP, uses ADP + H+ to make ATP

85
Q

if protons are leaked back into matrix w/out going through ATP synthase, what happens

A

dissipates the electrochemical gradient without ATP production

86
Q

uncoupling of ox/phos and ATP results in what

A

increased oxygen consumption and heat

87
Q

does electron transport require ATP synthesis

A

no

88
Q

what is an example of a chemical uncoupler

A

DNP

89
Q

how does DNP work

A

it is a chemical uncoupler
it allows electrons to pass through gradient without producing ATP.
your body burns more fat to keep energizing body

90
Q

what does DNP stand for

A

dinitrophenol

91
Q

compare contrast WAT vs. BAT

A

white: one lipid droplet, mitochondria & nucleus squeezed to layer near membrane
brown: small and many lipid droplets. function: create heat. more mitochondria. more cytochrome for brown color.

92
Q

how does BAT produce heat

A

it acts as uncoupling protein → thermogenesis

93
Q

as energy is released in tissues by ATP hydrolysis, what increases

A

ADP

94
Q

when you have accumulate NADH, describe chain of events that occurs

A

block OxPhos, backs up and blocks PFK-1 and inhibits glycolysis.

MCB II Block 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions