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Nutrition > Ovine Nutrition > Flashcards

Ovine Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

________ performing sheep have higher nutritional requirements

A

higher

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2
Q

True or False: Sheep will chew their cud for several hours every day

A

True

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3
Q

___________ sheep are eager to eat

A

healthy

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4
Q

How often are rumen sounds in healthy ruminant?

A

every 1-2 minutes

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5
Q

True or False: Sheep will overeat if we let them

A

True

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6
Q

When do sheep typically graze?

A

Dawn and dusk (especially if hot out)

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7
Q

How many taste buds do sheep have?

A

25,000 to 35,000

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8
Q

Sheep have tastebuds on ____________ __________ of epiglottis

A

Laryngeal surface

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9
Q

How do sheep intake food?

A

Circle tongue around patch of grass, drawn into mouth
Tongue keeps food in mouth while lower teeth break down

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10
Q

What do sheep prefer to graze on?

A

Grass and short roughage

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11
Q

What do sheep require nutritionally?

A

Water
Fiber
Energy
Vitamins
Minerals
Protein

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12
Q

What is the major source of energy?

A

Carbs

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13
Q

What is a rich source of carb energy?

A

Concentrates = grains = starch

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14
Q

What are the major energy foods in a sheep diet?

A

Grass
Hay
Some silage and grains added

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15
Q

What 3 things contribute to energy fulfillment?

A

Carbs, fats, excess protein

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16
Q

What occurs with restricted energy consumption?

A

Wool growth slows
Weak spots develop in wool fiber
Reduces immune system function

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17
Q

What occurs with excess energy consumption?

A

Stored as adipose tissue
Impairs reproductive function

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18
Q

What is the most common protein supplement?

A

Soybean meal

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19
Q

What are some less common protein supplements?

A

Sunflower meal
Cottonseed meal
Whole cottonseed
Whole soybeans
Peanut meal
Canola meal
Fish meal
Alfalfa pellets

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20
Q

What is the most expensive protein supplement?

A

Protein Blocks

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21
Q

Fiber adds ________ to the diet

A

bulk

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22
Q

How does fiber keep the sheep’s rumen functioning properly?

A

Increasing rumination and salivation

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23
Q

How much roughage should sheep have in their diets?

A

at least 1lb per head per day

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24
Q

What will sheep chew on with inadequate forage?

A

Wood or wool

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25
Q

_______-minerals are required in _________ amounts

A

Macro; large

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26
Q

What can inadequate salt intake lead to?

A

Decrease feed and water intake
Decreased milk production
Decrease in growth in lambs

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27
Q

How does an animal show they desire salt?

A

Chewing wood and/or licking dirt

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28
Q

True or False: Salt can help regulate feed intake

A

True

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29
Q

What can an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus cause?

A

Urinary Calculi in male sheep especially wethers

30
Q

What is the proper ratio of calcium to phosphorus?

A

2:1

31
Q

What vitamins do sheep require?

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E

32
Q

Vitamin A is ___________ in plant material

A

absent

33
Q

True or False: Vitamin A cannot be synthesized from beta-carotene

A

False - it can be

34
Q

What does vitamin D prevent?

A

Rickets in young animals
Osteomalacia in older animals

35
Q

Why are B vitamins not required in the diet?

A

They are synthesized in the rumen

36
Q

Is dietary supplementation for vitamin K?

A

No

37
Q

Ewe’s nutritional requirement is _________ during lactation

A

highest

38
Q

How much more milk do Ewes with twins produce?

A

20 - 40% more

39
Q

True or False: Lambs suck much more frequently than calves

A

True

40
Q

How many times do lambs suck in the first week

A

60-70 times per day

41
Q

What is the typical birth weight for a neonatal lamb

A

5 - 12 lbs

42
Q

True or False: Lambs take an hour to stand after birth

A

False - within 30 mins

43
Q

How soon do lambs start sucking after birth?

A

Within 2 hours

44
Q

What do you need to ensure when picking a milk replacer?

A

Provides necessary nutrients to address early health problems and has power to boost flock performance

45
Q

Which method of feeding is ideal for orphans or quads?

A

Electronic or bottle feeding

46
Q

What is creep feeding?

A

Highly palatable, solid nutritious feed offered to lambs for weaning

47
Q

Creep feeding has ________ protein and energy percentage. Up to _______ difference

A

Higher, 18%

48
Q

Why is creep feeding done?

A

To develop thrifty, fast-gaining lambs that can go to market at early age

49
Q

Forages are _______, have a _______ _______ weight per unit volume

A

bulky, very low

50
Q

True or False: Forages are higher in energy than concentrates

A

False - they are lower in energy

51
Q

How much crude fiber does forage contain?

A

More than 18%

52
Q

Forage has ________ digestibility due to lignin content

A

Lower

53
Q

Forage is __________ in calcium, potassium, and trace minerals

A

Higher

54
Q

Which vitamins is forage higher in?

A

Fat-soluble and B vitamins

55
Q

True or False: Forage is variable for protein content

A

True

56
Q

_______________ of fresh pasture is equivalent to ________ of good hay

A

2.5-3.0kg; 1kg

57
Q

What is the best cheap filler for grass in pasture?

A

Timothy grass

58
Q

What is a common grass forage that makes a dense sward and is found in most pastures?

A

Bluegrass

59
Q

________ have the advantage of fixating _______ from the air

A

Clovers; nitrogen

60
Q

What is the minimum percentage of clover required in pasture to cover nitrogen requirements?

A

Minimum 30%

61
Q

Define Hay

A

Any forage that is cut, cured, and gathered for use of feeding animal

62
Q

True or False: Hay should have more than 20% moisture when stored

A

False - less than 20% to prevent mold

63
Q

Define Haylage/Silage

A

Refers to crops that have been harvested and stored at more than 20% moisture levels
Are preserved through microbial fermentation in anaerobic conditions

64
Q

Microbial fermentation converts CHO into ______ _______ and _________

A

lactic acid; VFA’s (volatile fatty acids)

65
Q

Microbial ________ pH which stops microbial growth

A

drops

66
Q

True or False: Silage is popular in areas with heavy rainfall

A

True

67
Q

How much water do sheep drink in summer months on dry feed

A

8-10L per day

68
Q

How much water do sheep drink in winter months on dry feed?

A

4L per day

69
Q

True or False: Lactating sheep require just as much water as dry ewe’s?

A

False - Lactating sheep require more

70
Q

How much more is water intake to dry feed intake

A

2-3 times more

71
Q

What is ideal BCS for young ewe

A

3.0

72
Q

What is ideal BCS for mature ewe

A

3.5

Nutrition (2 decks)

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