Ovine Nutrition

Question 1

________ performing sheep have higher nutritional requirements

Answer 1

higher

Question 2

True or False: Sheep will chew their cud for several hours every day

Answer 2

True

Question 3

___________ sheep are eager to eat

Answer 3

healthy

Question 4

How often are rumen sounds in healthy ruminant?

Answer 4

every 1-2 minutes

Question 5

True or False: Sheep will overeat if we let them

Answer 5

True

Question 6

When do sheep typically graze?

Answer 6

Dawn and dusk (especially if hot out)

Question 7

How many taste buds do sheep have?

Answer 7

25,000 to 35,000

Question 8

Sheep have tastebuds on ____________ __________ of epiglottis

Answer 8

Laryngeal surface

Question 9

How do sheep intake food?

Answer 9

Circle tongue around patch of grass, drawn into mouth
Tongue keeps food in mouth while lower teeth break down

Question 10

What do sheep prefer to graze on?

Answer 10

Grass and short roughage

Question 11

What do sheep require nutritionally?

Answer 11

Water
Fiber
Energy
Vitamins
Minerals
Protein

Question 12

What is the major source of energy?

Answer 12

Carbs

Question 13

What is a rich source of carb energy?

Answer 13

Concentrates = grains = starch

Question 14

What are the major energy foods in a sheep diet?

Answer 14

Grass
Hay
Some silage and grains added

Question 15

What 3 things contribute to energy fulfillment?

Answer 15

Carbs, fats, excess protein

Question 16

What occurs with restricted energy consumption?

Answer 16

Wool growth slows
Weak spots develop in wool fiber
Reduces immune system function

Question 17

What occurs with excess energy consumption?

Answer 17

Stored as adipose tissue
Impairs reproductive function

Question 18

What is the most common protein supplement?

Answer 18

Soybean meal

Question 19

What are some less common protein supplements?

Answer 19

Sunflower meal
Cottonseed meal
Whole cottonseed
Whole soybeans
Peanut meal
Canola meal
Fish meal
Alfalfa pellets

Question 20

What is the most expensive protein supplement?

Answer 20

Protein Blocks

Question 21

Fiber adds ________ to the diet

Answer 21

bulk

Question 22

How does fiber keep the sheep’s rumen functioning properly?

Answer 22

Increasing rumination and salivation

Question 23

How much roughage should sheep have in their diets?

Answer 23

at least 1lb per head per day

Question 24

What will sheep chew on with inadequate forage?

Answer 24

Wood or wool

Question 25

_______-minerals are required in _________ amounts

Answer 25

Macro; large

Question 26

What can inadequate salt intake lead to?

Answer 26

Decrease feed and water intake Decreased milk production Decrease in growth in lambs

Question 27

How does an animal show they desire salt?

Answer 27

Chewing wood and/or licking dirt

Question 28

True or False: Salt can help regulate feed intake

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What can an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus cause?

Answer 29

Urinary Calculi in male sheep especially wethers

Question 30

What is the proper ratio of calcium to phosphorus?

Answer 30

2:1

Question 31

What vitamins do sheep require?

Answer 31

Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E

Question 32

Vitamin A is ___________ in plant material

Answer 32

absent

Question 33

True or False: Vitamin A cannot be synthesized from beta-carotene

Answer 33

False - it can be

Question 34

What does vitamin D prevent?

Answer 34

Rickets in young animals Osteomalacia in older animals

Question 35

Why are B vitamins not required in the diet?

Answer 35

They are synthesized in the rumen

Question 36

Is dietary supplementation for vitamin K?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Ewe's nutritional requirement is _________ during lactation

Answer 37

highest

Question 38

How much more milk do Ewes with twins produce?

Answer 38

20 - 40% more

Question 39

True or False: Lambs suck much more frequently than calves

Answer 39

True

Question 40

How many times do lambs suck in the first week

Answer 40

60-70 times per day

Question 41

What is the typical birth weight for a neonatal lamb

Answer 41

5 - 12 lbs

Question 42

True or False: Lambs take an hour to stand after birth

Answer 42

False - within 30 mins

Question 43

How soon do lambs start sucking after birth?

Answer 43

Within 2 hours

Question 44

What do you need to ensure when picking a milk replacer?

Answer 44

Provides necessary nutrients to address early health problems and has power to boost flock performance

Question 45

Which method of feeding is ideal for orphans or quads?

Answer 45

Electronic or bottle feeding

Question 46

What is creep feeding?

Answer 46

Highly palatable, solid nutritious feed offered to lambs for weaning

Question 47

Creep feeding has ________ protein and energy percentage. Up to _______ difference

Answer 47

Higher, 18%

Question 48

Why is creep feeding done?

Answer 48

To develop thrifty, fast-gaining lambs that can go to market at early age

Question 49

Forages are _______, have a _______ _______ weight per unit volume

Answer 49

bulky, very low

Question 50

True or False: Forages are higher in energy than concentrates

Answer 50

False - they are lower in energy

Question 51

How much crude fiber does forage contain?

Answer 51

More than 18%

Question 52

Forage has ________ digestibility due to lignin content

Answer 52

Lower

Question 53

Forage is __________ in calcium, potassium, and trace minerals

Answer 53

Higher

Question 54

Which vitamins is forage higher in?

Answer 54

Fat-soluble and B vitamins

Question 55

True or False: Forage is variable for protein content

Answer 55

True

Question 56

_______________ of fresh pasture is equivalent to ________ of good hay

Answer 56

2.5-3.0kg; 1kg

Question 57

What is the best cheap filler for grass in pasture?

Answer 57

Timothy grass

Question 58

What is a common grass forage that makes a dense sward and is found in most pastures?

Answer 58

Bluegrass

Question 59

________ have the advantage of fixating _______ from the air

Answer 59

Clovers; nitrogen

Question 60

What is the minimum percentage of clover required in pasture to cover nitrogen requirements?

Answer 60

Minimum 30%

Question 61

Define Hay

Answer 61

Any forage that is cut, cured, and gathered for use of feeding animal

Question 62

True or False: Hay should have more than 20% moisture when stored

Answer 62

False - less than 20% to prevent mold

Question 63

Define Haylage/Silage

Answer 63

Refers to crops that have been harvested and stored at more than 20% moisture levels Are preserved through microbial fermentation in anaerobic conditions

Question 64

Microbial fermentation converts CHO into ______ _______ and _________

Answer 64

lactic acid; VFA's (volatile fatty acids)

Question 65

Microbial ________ pH which stops microbial growth

Answer 65

drops

Question 66

True or False: Silage is popular in areas with heavy rainfall

Answer 66

True

Question 67

How much water do sheep drink in summer months on dry feed

Answer 67

8-10L per day

Question 68

How much water do sheep drink in winter months on dry feed?

Answer 68

4L per day

Question 69

True or False: Lactating sheep require just as much water as dry ewe's?

Answer 69

False - Lactating sheep require more

Question 70

How much more is water intake to dry feed intake

Answer 70

2-3 times more

Question 71

What is ideal BCS for young ewe

Answer 71

3.0

Question 72

What is ideal BCS for mature ewe

Answer 72

3.5