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Radiation Protection 1 > Overview Summary > Flashcards

Overview Summary Flashcards

1
Q

Linear, Non-threshold

A

Diagnostic and leukemia are plotted on this curve

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2
Q

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME

A

Whole body irradiation. Three divisions. Accidental exposure

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3
Q

Hematologic Syndrome

A

Longest latency period.
1-10 Gy (100-1000 Rads)
Death due to infection from body’s own flora; prone to hemorrhage=bone marrow destruction

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4
Q

GI SYNDROME

A

10-50 Gy (1000-5000 Rads)

Death within three days due to damage to bowel and bone marrow

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5
Q

CNS SYNDROME

A

SHORTEST LATENCY PERIOD
Death within seconds to minutes
+50 Gy (+5000 Rads)
Excessive fluid in brain

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6
Q

INCREASED DOSE=

A

Decreased latency period (symptom free period)

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7
Q

PRODOMINAL PERIOD

A

Appears first

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8
Q

Long-Term somatic effects

A

Cancer
Leukemia
Cataracts

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9
Q

Somatic effects

A

Occurs in the exposed individual

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10
Q

LD 50/60

A

Dose of radiation that would kill 50% of an exposed population in sixty days. (Approx 300-400 Rad)

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11
Q

Organogenesis

A

First trimester is the most dangerous time of exposure due to this

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12
Q

Indirect effects

A

95% of time

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13
Q

5%

A

Direct effect

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14
Q

Occupational dose

A

5 Rem/50 mSv per year

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15
Q

.5 Rem/5 mSv per year

A

General population annual dose

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16
Q

17 year old student

A

.1 Rem/1 mSv per year

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17
Q

50 Rem/500 mSv per year

A

Skin, thyroid, and extremities yearly dose

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18
Q

Lens of eye

A

15Rems/150 mSv annually

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19
Q

Age in years x 1 Rem/mSv

A

Calculation of cumulative occupational dose limit

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20
Q

Most radiosensitive/least radioresistant

A

Lymphocytes

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21
Q

Most radioresitant/least radiosensitive

A

Adult nerve cell

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22
Q

Increased O2 in cell»increased radiosensitivity

A

O2 enhancement ration (OER)

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23
Q

Cells radiosensitivity is DIRECTLY proportional to its reproductive activity and is INVERSELY proportional to its degree of specialization; AKA “precursor, immature, stem, undifferentiated”

A

Laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau

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24
Q

Linear energy transfer (LET) is _____________ to relative biological effect

A

Directly proportional

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25
Q

THRESHOLD

A

A minimum amount must be received before a response is seen

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26
Q

Quality, energy, and penetrating ability

A

kV

27
Q

Quality, number, amount

A

mAs

28
Q

When do you use lead shielding?

A

Repro organs are five centimeters of beam

When clinical info will not be obscured

29
Q

Three types of shielding

A

Shaped
Shadow
Flat contact

30
Q

First step in protection

A

OPTIMUM COLLIMATION

31
Q

Types of collimators

A

Cones and aperture diaphragms

Box type

32
Q

Filtration does what to skin dose and how?

A

Decreases skin dose by removing MAXIUM wavelengths

33
Q

If a tube operates at 70kV minimum amount of filtration required is

A

2.5 of Al

34
Q

Type of filters used for the difference in patient thickness

A

Compensating filters (wedge and trough)

35
Q

Faster screen/film combination

A

Deceased mAs»decreased patient dose»decrease detail

36
Q

Grids and air gap techniques

A

Increase patient dose and improve quality. Decrease in scatter reaching IR

37
Q

AEC controls

A

Exposure time

38
Q

Ways to overcome motion

A 
Short exposure time (voluntary and involuntary)
Restraints (voluntary)
Clear instructions (voluntary)
39
Q

Biggest source of occupational dose

A

Scatter from patient

40
Q

Leakage cannot exceed

A

100mR/hr @ a distance of 1 meter

41
Q

Three Cardinal rules of protection

A
  1. Time (short as possible)
  2. Distance (long as possible)
  3. Shielding (use it)
42
Q

According to NCRP #102 lead in gloves, aprons, and thyroid shield should be

A

0.5 mm

43
Q

SSD for portable fluro (c arm)

A

12”

44
Q

SSD for fixed fluro

A

15”

45
Q

Protective fluro drape and Bucky slot cover

A

.25mm of Pb (lead)

46
Q

Fluro unit should be equipped with a ____________ cumulative timer a ___________ (___________) exposure switch

A

Five minute cumulative timer and a deadman (positive pressure) exposure switch

47
Q

Where should a RT stand to avoid scatter from patient

A

At least one 90 degree angle, preferably two

48
Q

Wall barriers

A

Primary and secondary

49
Q

Primary wall barrier thickness

A

1/16”

50
Q

Secondary barrier

A

1/32”

51
Q

Total absorption of x-Ray photon»white/clear on image

A

Photoelectric effect

52
Q

Partial absorption of x-Ray photon»gray on image, AKA scatter

A

Compton

53
Q

Used to measure amount of radiation deposited in ANY object-living or inanimate

A

Rad/Gray

54
Q

Used to measure radiation absorbed in human tissue only

A

Rem/sievert

55
Q

Measure ionization in air or in air exposure.

A

Roentgen or Coulombs/Kg

56
Q

Used to measure radioactivity (Nuc med)

A

Curie/Becquerel

57
Q

Rems=

A

Rads x QF/WF

58
Q

Sv=

A

Gy x QF/WF

59
Q

A permanent record that can be reread

A

Film badge

60
Q

Self reading
Instant
Cannot be reread

A

Pocket ionization chamber

61
Q

Lithium fluoride crystals that are heated to be read

A

Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

62
Q

Al oxide crystals that are read by a laser

A

Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)

63
Q

Where should a control badge be kept

A

Radiation free area

64
Q

If RT does not have previous radiation exposure records then an employer should assume

A

They have had 100% of yearly dose

Radiation Protection 1 (1 decks)

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