Overview of the US Health Care System Flashcards
Chapter 1
A typical ambulance ride costs about how many dollars?
$1,000
How many hospitals are there in the US, employing how many millions of workers?
6,090 hospitals with 6.6 million workers
Can a patient bypass an ER to get directly admitted to the hospital? If so, what is an example?
Yes, such as after a planned surgery
In the ecology model of 1,000 people, 800 people experience symptoms. However, how many people actually consider seeking medical care?
327 people
The ER, ED, or EU is required to evaluate all patients despite the ability to pay. This makes it very popular for many reasons. Is this considered inpatient or outpatient?
Outpatient
County/local, prison, state, and federal are the four types of which hospital?
Public hospitals
Since 1964, most states have CON (Certificate of Need) laws that meant anything hospital-related had to get regulated by state regulators. However, due to what pandemic, most are now gone?
COVID
Not-for-profit, for-profit, and physician-owned hospitals are examples of what type of hospital?
Private (or community) hospitals
The Department of Defense for Active Military, the Indian Health Service for Native Americans, and Veterans Health Administration are three types of what public hospital?
Federal hospital
Academic medical centers (over 1,000), children’s, and religious hospitals are an example of what type of private hospital?
Not-for-profit
Which type of public hospital is typically a long-term facility for psychiatric patients?
State hospitals
Which type of hospital is not operated by the government?
Private hospitals
What percentage of hospitals work as part of a system and not in isolation?
Nearly 70% of hospitals
A general hospital’s most common condition they care for is what?
Labor and delivery
Hospitals are often major employers in their areas because they employ administration, therapeutic, diagnostic, informational, and support. True or False?
True
True or False: Medicare is the largest insurer in the United States?
True
Skilled nursing facilities, long-term acute care hospitals, and inpatient rehabilitation services are all what type of care?
Post-acute care
Skilled Nursing Facilities – 15,090 of them
Long-Term Acute Care – 348
Inpatient Rehab Facilities – 1,180
True or false?
True
In the past decade, post-acute care has had Medicare spend how many billion a year?
62 billion
In order to be considered inpatient, you must be admitted for how long?
Two midnights
When you are an outpatient, you are treated but don’t stay where?
At a medical facility
Private practice, hospital-or-network-facilitated practice, community health centers/federally qualified health centers, urgent care centers, ambulatory surgery center, dialysis centers, nonphysician services, pharmacies, home-based health care, and telemedicine/telehealth are what type of health service?
Types of clinics
A hospital- or network-affiliated practice is similar to a private practice but it is purchased by who?
A hospital or health care network
Which type of clinic is government-funded?
Community health center/federally qualified health centers
Nearly all of which type of clinics are owned by physicians?
Ambulatory surgical centers
How many million adults receive home care services?
4.5 million
In-home care isn’t typically paid for by Medicare but what instead?
Medicaid
There are how many federal agencies, which is also the number of state agencies that are not independent and instead part of a bigger agency?
21 agencies
What is it called when you focus on the high cost, high-needs patients and bring medical care to them instead of having them come to a medical care facility?
Hotspotting
How many local (county) health departments are there?
2,459 local health departments
Medicaid, the ER, addressing social determinants of health, and the public health system are examples of what for health care?
The safety net
Access, rural-urban divide, nurse staffing, and primary care problems are all what type issue with health care?
Care delivery
Scheduling a timely appointment, physically getting there, and finding a physician who takes your insurance are three examples of what type of care delivery issue?
Access
Do people in rural or urban areas have more issues with getting health care and having health issues?
Rural
To help the critical access hospitals stay open in the rural areas, what extra funding helps them?
Medicare and Medicaid
PCP means what?
Primary care provider
The United States spends about what percentage of GDP on health care, meaning about $13,500 per person?
18%
Health care is the fastest growing industry in the US and spends over twice the average of other wealthy countries per capita on healthcare with how much money?
$12,555
The US is ranked 46th in the world for health and has a lower life expectancy than other industrialized countries with a current 76.1 years, which is the lowest it has been in 20 years. The US health care system also ranks in what place of the eleven high-income countries?
11th of 11
The infant mortality rate in the United States is what percentage?
5.69%
Match the Geert Hoffstede Cultural Dimensions for the US and their numbers:
1). Power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation
2). 26, 40, 91, 46, and 62
Which social justice theory believes that you should make the decision to help the most people out and is based on utility?
Utilitarianism
Which social justice theory says to enact policies to focus on those that are the worst off?
Rawls Theory of Justice
Which social justice theory said that you always have to do what you believe is right at all times?
Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative
Which hospital was the one to develop insurance?
Baylor Hospital
Who are the four main players in health care?
Patients, payers, vendors, and providers
Can you be a patient of health care without being a payer?
Yes
Which type of integration is when you add more businesses to help more patients, which can lead to a monopoly?
Horizontal integration
What type of integration is when you buy all things related to a business to own and integrate its own supply chain
Vertical integration
Administration costs in the United States are high with what range of percentages? This percentage equates to around 800 billion or about $2,500 per person.
25-35%
Which health care worker represents the largest portion of healthcare workers? This group’s shortage has improved but is still a concern.
Nurses
By 2034, there is supposed to a shortfall of 38,000 to what number of physicians?
124,000
Readmission rates for Medicare patients is around which percentage, which is bad for hospitals as the ACA penalizes for “excessive readmission”?
Around 20%
Of the 3,129 generalized hospitals in the US in 2019, what percentage received a penalty for excessive readmission?
83%
Medicare compensates about 80% of costs while Medicaid does what number?
Approximately 83%
Americans have about 220 billion in debt with 6% of adults having over $1,000 in medical debt while 1% has over $10,000. What do these two percentages mean in numbers?
14 million people and 3 million people
The NYC Health and Hospitals of Bellvue $1,065,702,393 of what type of care?
Total uncompensated care
