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Neuroanatomy > Overview of the nervous system > Flashcards

Overview of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures comprise the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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2
Q

What structures are found in the grey matter on the outside of the brain?

A
  • Huge numbers of neurons
  • Cell processes
  • Synapses
  • Support cells
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3
Q

What structures are found in the white matter on the inside of the brain?

A

Axons (mostly myelinated) and their support cells

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4
Q

What are the three deep grey matter structures located deep in the cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Thalamus
  • Putamen
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5
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Precentral gyrus

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6
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

The central sulcus

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7
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

The postcentral gyrus

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8
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Lateral fissure

(Or Sylvian fissure)

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9
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cingulate sulcus

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10
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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11
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Midbrain

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12
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Pons

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13
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Medulla

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14
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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15
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Calcarine sulcus

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16
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cerebellum

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17
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Fornix

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20
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Interthalamic adhesion

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21
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Pinneal gland

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22
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

4th ventricle

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23
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Central canal

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24
Q

What functions is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A
  • Judgement and personality
  • Motor function - planning and carrying out movement
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25
Q

Which structure is the bos surrounding?

Where is it found?

A

Insular lobe

Hidden deep in the lateral fissure

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26
Q

What functions is the insular lobe responsible for?

A
  • Pain reception
  • Emotion
  • Olfaction
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27
Q

What are all the arrows pointing to?

28
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Internal capsule

29
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

30
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Globus pallidus

31
Q

Which structures comprise the lentiform nucleus?

A
  • Globus pallidus
  • Putamen
32
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Corpus callosum

33
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

34
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Interthalamic adhesion

35
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

3rd ventricle

36
Q

What are arcuate fibres?

A

Numerous short bundles of fibres which connect adjacent gyri

37
Q

Which structure lies between the external capsule and the extreme capsule?

38
Q

Where do the fibres of the corona radiata radiate from?

A

The internal capsule

39
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Tail of the caudate nucleus

40
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

41
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

42
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

43
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

44
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

External capsule

45
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Extreme capsule

46
Q

What is the function of the superior longitudinal fasciculus?

A

Fibres run anterior to posterior, relatively laterally, and connect the frontal lobes with parts of the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes.

NOTE - fibres do not necessarily run from one end to the other; fibres are joining and leaving along most of the length of the tract.

47
Q

What is the cingulum and what does it do?

A

Long, longitudinal bundle near the midline.

Connects the temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus and septal area.

48
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A
  • Largest white matter structure in the brain.
  • ~250 million axons.
  • Main connection between right and left hemispheres.
49
Q

What is the anterior commissure and what does it do?

A
  • A bundle of axons found posterior to the rostrum of the corpus callosum.
  • Provides additional communication between parts of the right and left temporal lobe.
50
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Anterior commissure

51
Q

What is the internal capsule and what does it do?

A
  • White matter structure
  • Large bundle of axons
  • Connects the cortex with the brainstem and spinal cord
  • Provides a connection for intermediary structures (example - between the thalamus and the cortex)
52
Q

What are the parts of the internal capsule?

A
  • Anterior limb
  • Genu
  • Posterior limb
  • Retrolentiform part
53
Q

Identify each part of the internal capsule.

A

From top to bottom:

  • Anterior limb
  • Genu
  • Posterior limb
  • Retrolentiform part
54
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Corona radiata

55
Q

What produces the myelin sheath?

A

Schwann cells

56
Q

Where do somatic sensory neurons reside?

A

In a dorsal root ganglion

(Or the trigeminal ganglion for the head)

57
Q

What is the specific function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of movement

58
Q

What is the specific function of the thalamus?

A

Acts as a relay station for sensory information coming from the periphery and going to the cortex.

59
Q

What is housed in the brainstem?

A

Most of the cells associated with the cranial nerves

60
Q

Identify areas 4 and 6

A

4 - Primary motor area

6 - Premotor area

61
Q

Identify area 17

A

Primary visual area

62
Q

Identify area 43

A

Taste area

63
Q

Identify area 41

A

Primary auditory area

64
Q

Identift the pink area

A

Frontal eye field

65
Q

Identify area 34

66
Q

Identify area 28

A

Olfactory cortex

67
Q

Identify area 17

A

Primary visual area

Neuroanatomy (15 decks)

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