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Neuroanatomy > Overview of the nervous system > Flashcards

Overview of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures comprise the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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2
Q

What structures are found in the grey matter on the outside of the brain?

A
  • Huge numbers of neurons
  • Cell processes
  • Synapses
  • Support cells
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3
Q

What structures are found in the white matter on the inside of the brain?

A

Axons (mostly myelinated) and their support cells

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4
Q

What are the three deep grey matter structures located deep in the cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Thalamus
  • Putamen
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5
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Precentral gyrus

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6
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

The central sulcus

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7
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

The postcentral gyrus

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8
Q

What structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Lateral fissure

(Or Sylvian fissure)

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9
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cingulate sulcus

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10
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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11
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Midbrain

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12
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Pons

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13
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Medulla

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14
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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15
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Calcarine sulcus

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16
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cerebellum

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17
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Fornix

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20
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Interthalamic adhesion

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21
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Pinneal gland

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22
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

4th ventricle

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23
Q

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

A

Central canal

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24
Q

What functions is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A
  • Judgement and personality
  • Motor function - planning and carrying out movement
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25
Which structure is the bos surrounding? Where is it found?
Insular lobe Hidden deep in the lateral fissure
26
What functions is the insular lobe responsible for?
* Pain reception * Emotion * Olfaction
27
What are all the arrows pointing to?
28
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
Internal capsule
29
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
Putamen
30
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
Globus pallidus
31
Which structures comprise the lentiform nucleus?
* Globus pallidus * Putamen
32
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
Corpus callosum
33
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
Thalamus
34
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
Interthalamic adhesion
35
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
3rd ventricle
36
What are arcuate fibres?
Numerous short bundles of fibres which connect adjacent gyri
37
Which structure lies between the external capsule and the extreme capsule?
Claustrum
38
Where do the fibres of the corona radiata radiate from?
The internal capsule
39
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Tail of the caudate nucleus
40
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Fornix
41
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Cingulum
42
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
43
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Claustrum
44
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
External capsule
45
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Extreme capsule
46
What is the function of the superior longitudinal fasciculus?
Fibres run anterior to posterior, relatively laterally, and connect the frontal lobes with parts of the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. NOTE - fibres do not necessarily run from one end to the other; fibres are joining and leaving along most of the length of the tract.
47
What is the cingulum and what does it do?
Long, longitudinal bundle near the midline. Connects the temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus and septal area.
48
What is the corpus callosum?
* Largest white matter structure in the brain. * ~250 million axons. * Main connection between right and left hemispheres.
49
What is the anterior commissure and what does it do?
* A bundle of axons found posterior to the rostrum of the corpus callosum. * Provides additional communication between parts of the right and left temporal lobe.
50
Which structure is the arrow pointing to?
Anterior commissure
51
What is the internal capsule and what does it do?
* White matter structure * Large bundle of axons * Connects the cortex with the brainstem and spinal cord * Provides a connection for intermediary structures (example - between the thalamus and the cortex)
52
What are the parts of the internal capsule?
* Anterior limb * Genu * Posterior limb * Retrolentiform part
53
Identify each part of the internal capsule.
From top to bottom: * Anterior limb * Genu * Posterior limb * Retrolentiform part
54
Identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Corona radiata
55
What produces the myelin sheath?
Schwann cells
56
Where do somatic sensory neurons reside?
In a dorsal root ganglion (Or the trigeminal ganglion for the head)
57
What is the specific function of the cerebellum?
Coordination of movement
58
What is the specific function of the thalamus?
Acts as a relay station for sensory information coming from the periphery and going to the cortex.
59
What is housed in the brainstem?
Most of the cells associated with the cranial nerves
60
Identify areas 4 and 6
4 - Primary motor area 6 - Premotor area
61
Identify area 17
Primary visual area
62
Identify area 43
Taste area
63
Identify area 41
Primary auditory area
64
Identift the pink area
Frontal eye field
65
Identify area 34
Uncus
66
Identify area 28
Olfactory cortex
67
Identify area 17
Primary visual area

Neuroanatomy (15 decks)

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