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Nervous System- WC > Overview of the nervous system > Flashcards

Overview of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the NS

A

controls and coordinates functions throughout the body, and responds to internal and external stimuli.

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2
Q

What is the NS responsible for?

A

It can detect changes within and round the brain
Respond to external changes
Receive and interpret sensory information.

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3
Q

what is the NS derived from?

A

from the ectoderm

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4
Q

What is neurlation?

A

formation of of the neural plate (ectoderm) , closure of the neural tube and early development of the NS

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5
Q

what is the CNS ccomposed off?

A

Brain
Spinal Cord

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6
Q

What is the PNS composed off? (peripheral NS)

A

Afferent info (input)
Efferent input (output)

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7
Q

What are the 4 cells of the CNS

A

Neurons
Gila= atrocyte
oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells

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8
Q

where does the cell bodies of neurons live

A

grey metter

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9
Q

where can we find myleinated axons

A

white matter

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10
Q

where are gilal cells found

A

grey and white matter

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11
Q

what are the 5 componets of a neuron?

A

soma
dendrites
Axon
axon hillock
axon terminal

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12
Q

what happens in the soma

A

contains nucleus and most of the organelles

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13
Q

what happens in the dendrites

A

reception of incoming info

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14
Q

what happens in the axon

A

transmits eletrical impulses called AP

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15
Q

what happens in the axon hillock

A

where axon orginates and AP iniated

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16
Q

what happens in the axon temrinal

A

releases neurotransmitter

17
Q

what is a snyapse

A

Site of communication between two neurons

18
Q
A
19
Q

what is an afferent neuron?

A

orininagte in the periphery with sensory or visceral receptors

20
Q

efferent neurons?

A

originate in the CNS where the cell body and dendrites recieve synpatic communication from other neurons

21
Q

interneurons

A

within the cns and can communicate with afferent neurons, efferent neruons and other interneruons

22
Q

what are glial cells

A

90% of all cells in the nervous system
Do not function as signal cells
Provide structure and integrity to the nervous system

23
Q

examples of gilal cells

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Schwann Cells

24
Q

what are astrocytes involved in

A

Development of neural connections
Development of blood-brain barrier
Protect neurons against toxic substances & oxidative stress

25
Q

what is microglia

A

Protect CNS from foreign matter through phagocytosis
Protect CNS from oxidative stress

26
Q

what are the 2 mylein forming cells>

A

schawn cells-
oligodendorcytes

27
Q

what is the differnece between schwann cells and oloigendrndorcytes?

A

O cells cover CNS where as schwan cells cover PNS

O cells have many myekin sheath whereas schwan have one mylein sheath

28
Q

Describe meylin?

A

Insulating wrap around the axons
Enables neurons to transmit action potentials more efficiently
Reduce leakage of ions across the cell membrane

29
Q

describe myelination?

A

Schwann cells myelinate peripheral nerves

30
Q

The myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibres in the spinal cord is from where?

A

oligodendroglial cells

31
Q

what is cerbrospinalfluid?

A

clear watery extracelluar fluid bathing the CNS

32
Q

the CSF summarised

A

Recycled 3 times/day
Secreted by ependymal cells of the choroid plexus
Circulates through ventricles to subarachnoid space
Reabsorbed by arachnoid villi
Total volume of CSF = 125 – 150 mL

33
Q

what are the functions of the CSF?

A

cushions the brain and mantains a stable interstilala fluid envionment

34
Q

how does CSF provide interstidals envrionment

A

provides neruons nd gilal cells with essentail nuterins and removes waste products

35
Q

blood supply to the CNS

A

High metabolic rate
Brain uses 20% of oxygen consumed by body at rest
Brain uses 50% of glucose consumed by body at rest

36
Q

blood brain barrier?

A

Special anatomy consisting of CNS capillaries that limit exchange

37
Q

describe the capillaries in the blood brain barrier

A

Sites of exchange between blood & interstitial fluid
Thin: single layer of endothelial cells
Diffusion

38
Q
A

Nervous System- WC (4 decks)

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