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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Overview of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Overview of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What two muscle groups make up the gluteal region?

A

Superficial muscle group

Deep muscle group

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2
Q

What muscles are contained within the superficial gluteal group?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

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3
Q

What are the functions of the superficial gluteal group?

A

Extensor of thigh
Abductor of thigh
Medial rotator of thigh

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4
Q

What nerves innervate the muscles within the superficial gluteal group?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve - innervates gluteus maximus

Superior gluteal nerve - everything else

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5
Q

What muscles are contained within the deep gluteal group?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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6
Q

What are the functions of the deep gluteal group?

A

Laterally rotate thigh

Hip stabiliser

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7
Q

What nerves innervate the deep gluteal group?

A

Nerves from sacral plexus

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8
Q

Nerves enter and exit the pelvis and perineum through what?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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9
Q

In which quadrant of the gluteal region should an injection be given?

A

Superior lateral

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10
Q

The sciatic nerve is comprised of which branches?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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11
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve normally separate?

A

Distal third of posterior thigh

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12
Q

Which branch of the sciatic nerve is more lateral and smaller?

A

Common fibular nerve

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13
Q

What is contained within the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics

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14
Q

The femoral sheath envelopes what?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics

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15
Q

What is done to relieve compartment syndrome in an emergency?

A

Fasciotomy

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16
Q

What compartments are found in the thigh?

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

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17
Q

What compartments are found in the leg?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

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18
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior thigh?

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris

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19
Q

What movements does the anterior thigh muscles enable?

A

Thigh flexion

Leg extension

20
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

21
Q

What is the only muscle part in the anterior compartment of the thigh not supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

Psoas major part of iliopsoas

22
Q

What muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
23
Q

Which nerve supplies all but one part of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

24
Q

What movement is enabled by the medial thigh?

A

Thigh adduction

25
Q

What muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

26
Q

The posterior compartment of the thigh is supplied by what nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

27
Q

The anterior compartment of the leg is responsible for what movements?

A

Dorsiflex ankle

Extend toes

28
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibalis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

29
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

30
Q

The lateral compartment of the leg is responsible for which movements?

A

Evert foot

Weakly plantarflex ankle

31
Q

What muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

32
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

33
Q

Which muscles are contained within the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

34
Q

The superficial group of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg do what?

A

Plantarflex ankle

35
Q

What muscles are contained within the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior

36
Q

The deep group of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg do what?

A

Flex toes

Plantarflex ankle

37
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

38
Q

What is the most commonly fractured area of the femur?

A

Neck of the femur

39
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

40
Q

The knee joint consists of 3 articulations. Name them.

A

2 x femerotibial

1 x femeropatellar

41
Q

What is contained within the popliteal fossa?

A

Terminal small saphenous vein
Popliteal vessels
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

42
Q

The tendons of which muscles make up the Achilles tendon?

A

Tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus

43
Q

Where does the Achilles tendon attach?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

44
Q

What is the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

45
Q

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of sartorius

46
Q

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Lateral border of adductor longus

47
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus and iliopsoas

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (15 decks)

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