Overview of the immune system

Question 1

Immunity depends on the ability of the host to ???

Answer 1

distinguish non-self from self molecules

Question 2

a specific portion of an antigen is recognised bu immune molecules such as antibodies or T-cell receptors. This portion is known as an ???

Answer 2

epitope

Question 3

antigens CAN or CAN’T contain more than one epitope?

Answer 3

they can which allows them to bind different immune molecules

Question 4

Primary lymphoid tissues include ??? and are the sites where leukocytes form and mature

Answer 4

bone marrow and thymus

Question 5

secondary lymphoid tissues are sites where leukocytes encounter and respond to foreign antigens, including ???

Answer 5

lymph nodes (glands)
spleen
mucosa-associaed tissues (MALT) in gut, nasal cavity, bronchii

Question 6

Antibody secreting B-cells are short lived in the lymph node or in the bone marrow?

Answer 6

lymph node. they are long lived in the bone marrow

Question 7

What is difference in response time between innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 7

innate is minutes to hours, adaptive is days.

Question 8

which has higher specificity and diversity, innate or adaptive?

Answer 8

adaptive

Question 9

the following are main components of adaptive or innate immune response?
- physical/chemical barriers
- monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, DCs, NKs, innate lymphocytes
- pattern recognition receptors

Answer 9

innate

Question 10

the following are main components of adaptive or innate immune response?
- B and T cells
- DCs, macrophages
- antibodies
- T-cell receptors

Answer 10

adaptive

Question 11

Humoral immunity is mediated by what type of cells to produce antibodies?

Answer 11

B-cells

Question 12

Immunoglobulins (antibodies) include IgM, IgD, ??? which work to neutralise toxins, opsonise, and activate the complement system

Answer 12

IgG, IgA, IgE

Question 13

cell-mediated immunity involves T-cells that express specific cell surface receptors that recognise ???

Answer 13

antigenic epitopes associated with MHC molecules on cell surfaces

Question 14

Cytokines are ???

Answer 14

low molecular weight soluble proteins or glycoproteins

Question 15

what produces cytokines?

Answer 15

leukocytes and some other cell types

Question 16

cytokines are pleiotropic, having stimulatory or inhibitory immune funcions and can act in an autocrine, paracrine or endocrine fashion by acting on ???

Answer 16

specific cell-surface receptors

Question 17

Interleukins, colony stimulating factors, tumour necrosis factors, interferons, chemokines, are all examples of ???

Answer 17

cytokines

Question 18

TRUE or FALSE: cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and help direct B-cell responses

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

chemokines are chemo-attractant cytokines that bind to ??? and attract ???

Answer 19

bind to cell surface receptors and attract immune cells to migrate to sites of infection

Question 20

cell adhesion molecules and chemokines act in concert to direct ???

Answer 20

leukocyte migration

Question 21

monocyte binds adhesion molecules on vascular endothelium near sites if infection and receives ???

Answer 21

chemokine signal