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CVS Physiology > Overview of the function of the CVS > Flashcards

Overview of the function of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of the heart

A

2 pumps
- Right side pumps to pulmonary circulation
- Left side pumps to systemic circulation

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2
Q

What is carried in the blood?

A

O2 and CO2
Nutrients
Metabolites - kidneys
Hormones
Heart - thermoregulation

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3
Q

How is the heart flexible?

A

Can vary its output
Arteries can redirect blood flow to where it’s needed most
Veins and venules can store blood

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4
Q

What is the proportion of cardiac output and oxygen consumption for each main organ?

A

See table in notes

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5
Q

What is Darcey’s law?

A

Flow = Change in pressure/resistance

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6
Q

How is pressure and resistance related to flow?

A

Fluid will flow along a tube if there is a difference in pressure, it will flow from end of high pressure to end of low pressure

High pressure = push blood into arteries
Low pressure - blood returns to right side of heart

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7
Q

What is the pressure difference called?

A

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

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8
Q

What influences resistance?

A

Diameter of vessel
- Radius^4
- Selectively redirects flow
- Controlled by arterioles

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9
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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10
Q

What do arterioles do?

A

Are resistance vessels
Can change diameter and thus how much blood flow goes through vascular beds
Control region flow of blood

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11
Q

What are the role of capillaries?

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2

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12
Q

What are the roles of veins and venules?

A

Capacitance vessels
At rest 2/3 blood is stored here
When blood is needed, forces push it back to R heart
Control fractional distribution of blood

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13
Q

What is the fractional distribution of blood?

A

Proportion of blood in the veins/venule vs rest of systemic circulation

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14
Q

What type of circuit are the pumps and what does this mean?

A

Series
Output of the R side must equal output of the L side
(if L pumped more than R then there’d be accumulation of blood in lungs)

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15
Q

What are the vascular beds in and what does this mean?

A

Parallel
They all receive O2 blood at the same time

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16
Q

What does the parallel vascular bed allow for?

A

All tissue gets oxygenated blood
Allows regional redirection of blood
- If doing exercise can decrease blood to gut/liver and increase blood to skeletal muscle

17
Q

What are some exceptions to this parallel vascular bed?

A

Gut and liver arranged in series
- Nutrients absorbed in gut are then passed onto liver to be metabolised

18
Q

What is the liver blood supply called?

A

Portal system

19
Q

What are the features of the aorta?

A

Elastic arteries
Wide lumen
- low resistance of blood
Thick elastic walls
- can absorb inc in pressure and stretch
Damp pressure variations

20
Q

What are the features of arteries?

A

Muscular arteries
Wide lumen
Strong thick, non-elastic wall
Low resistance conduit

21
Q

What are the features of arterioles?

A

Resistance vessels
Narrow lumen
Thick contractile wall
Control resistance and therefore flow
Allow regional redirection of blood

22
Q

What are the features of capillaries?

A

Exchange vessels
Narrow lumen
Thin wall (single cell thick)
Large surface area to volume ratio

23
Q

What are the features of venules?

A

Capacitance vessels (store blood)
Wide lumen
Thin, distensible wall
Allow for fractional distribution of blood

24
Q

Where does the right and left atrium get blood from?

A

Right atrium takes blood returning from systemic circulation via vena cava
Left atrium takes blood returning from pulmonary circulation via pulmonary veins

25
Q

What are the ventricles and where do they pump to?

A

Pumping chambers

Left ventricle to aorta into systemic circulation
Right ventricle to pulmonary trunk into pulmonary circulation

26
Q

What is the role of the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

Inferior vena cava = takes blood in from below the heart
Superior vena cava = takes blood in from above the heart

27
Q

What are the valves of the heart and where are they?

A

Aortic valve
- LV and aorta
Pulmonary valve
- RV and pulmonary trunk
Tricuspid valve
- RA and RV
Mitral/bicuspid valve
- LA and LV

28
Q

What is the role of the mitral and tricuspid valves?

A

Prevent regurgitation of blood from ventricle back into atrium

29
Q

What stops mitral/tricuspid valves from turning inside out?

A

Chordae tendinea (heart strings)
Papillary muscles

30
Q

How do the chordae tendinea and papillary muscles work together to prevent valves inverting?

A

Heart contracts = heart shortens = chordae tendinea are too long and take tension off of valves so to stop this they are attached papillary muscles.
Papillary muscles contact in time with the ventricles to maintain tension on the chordae tendinea and prevent the valves from inverting.

31
Q

What causes the valves to open and close?

A

Changes in pressure in the heart
(they are passive)

CVS Physiology (10 decks)

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