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PH 137 > Overview of Radiological Health > Flashcards

Overview of Radiological Health Flashcards

1
Q

enumerate 3 items of significance of radioactive materials

A
  1. can be mixed with air, food and water
  2. significant external sources that may radiate into our bodies
  3. difficult to remove if they enter the environment
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2
Q

classify accdg to radiation type

  1. x-rays
  2. visible light
  3. radio waves
  4. cosmic rays
A

1 and 4 - ionizing radiation

2 and 3 - non-ionizing radiation

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3
Q

Which is false?
A. Non-ionizing radiation is not proven to be harmful
B. All types of ionizing radiation have high energy
C. Radioactive elements contain unstable nuclei
D. Radioactive decay allows energy to be emitted to be in the form of radiation

A

B - some types of radiation with relatively low energy can cause ionization under certain circumstances

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4
Q

Why do radioactive elements persist in the environment?

A

long half-life

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5
Q 
most usually known half-life value
A. physical
B. biological
C. radio-ecological
D. effective
A

A

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6
Q 
time elapsed before half of a compound has been removed through perspiration, respiration / waste excretion
A. physical
B. biological
C. radio-ecological
D. effective
A

B

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7
Q 
radioactive half-life of animals and plants @ area
A. physical
B. biological
C. radio-ecological
D. effective
A

C

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8
Q 
time required to reduce the radioactivity level of an nternal organ or of the whole body to exactly 1/2 of its original value due to both elimination & decay 
A. physical
B. biological
C. radio-ecological
D. effective
A

D

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9
Q 
Radium and strontium are \_\_ seekers
A. bone
B. blood
C. skin
D. cartilage
A

A

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10
Q

T/F

If t biological > t physical, then t physical is equal to t effective.

A

F

If t physical > t biological, then t biological = t effective

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11
Q

What is background radiation?

A

ionizing radiation constantly present in the natural environment

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12
Q

SI derived unit of radioactivity. What does it define?

A

Becquerel - activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second

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13
Q

Which contributed to the majority of natural dose of radiation, among all the naturally occuring radioactive materials (NORM)?
A. Terrestrial
B. Cosmogenic
C. Technically Enhanced

A

A

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14
Q

most of terrestrial NORM comes from __
A. Uranium
B. Potassium
C. Radon

A

C

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15
Q

Why is Carbon-14 very abundant in the environment?

A

formed from interaction of nitrogen in the atmosphere & neutrons from cosmic rays

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16
Q

Formed as a result of interactions between certain gases in the earth’s atmosphere
A. Terrestrial
B. Cosmogenic
C. Technically Enhanced

A

B

17
Q

Which is more exposed to cosmogenic NORM?
A. lower altitude
B. higher altitude
C. equal

A

A

B - more exposed to cosmic radiation

18
Q

consists of radio nuclides which have been produced through natural processes but are then concentrated by human activity
A. Terrestrial
B. Cosmogenic
C. Technically Enhanced

A

C

19
Q

identify

device used to bombard stable atoms with protons, deuterons & a-particles

A

cyclotron

20
Q

why is the neutron the most efficient particle used in production of manmade radioactive material

A

no charge –> can readily penetrate and cause splitting

21
Q

main mechanism of X-ray machine

A

conversion of kinetic energy of a rapidly moving particle into radiant energy when the particle is stopped

22
Q

how is manmade radioactive material used to exterminate insects?

A

male mosquitoes are made sterile

23
Q

element/s used @ smoke detector

A

radioactive americium

24
Q

element/s used @ agricultural tracer

A

radioactive phosphorus

25
Q

T/F

In thermoluminescence dating, the newer objects shine brighter.

A

F. Older ones - brighter

26
Q

What is “Scatter Radiation”

A

useful beams intercept any object, causing some x–rays to be scattered

PH 137 (4 decks)

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