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Medical Surgical LECTURE > OVERVIEW OF OXYGENATION > Flashcards

OVERVIEW OF OXYGENATION Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A radiopaque medium is instilled directly into the trachea and the bronchi and the outline of the entire bronchial tree or selected areas may be visualized through x-ray

A

INDIRECT BRONCHOGRAPHY

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2
Q

What are the PRIMARY respiratory muscles?

A
  • DIAPHRAGM
  • EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
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3
Q

Non-invasive method of continuously monitoring the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.

A

PULSE OXIMETER

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4
Q

occurs as a result of the anterior displacement of the sternum, which also increases the anteroposterior diameter

A

PIGEON CHEST

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5
Q

Nursing intervention AFTER Bronchogram

A
  • Side-lying position
  • NPO until cough and gag reflexes returned
  • Instruct the client to cough and deep breathe client
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6
Q

An abnormal condition that affects the bronchial tree and alveoli

A

ADVENTITIOUS SOUNDS

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7
Q

occurs when there is a depression in the lower portion of the sternum.

A

FUNNEL CHEST

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8
Q

Airflow driven by the pressure difference between atmosphere (barometric pressure) and inside the lungs (intrapulmonary pressure)

A

DRIVING FORCE FOR AIR FLOW

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9
Q

Harsh, crackling sound, like two pieces of leather being rubbed together (sound imitated by rubbing thumb and finger together near the ear)

A

FRICTION RUBS

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10
Q

Characterized by elevation of the scapula and a corresponding S-shaped spine.

A

KYPHOSCOLIOSIS

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11
Q

What are the ACCESSORY respiratory muscles?

A
  • STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
  • SCALENE MUSCLES
  • NASAL ALAE
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12
Q

a bluish coloring of the skin is a very late indicator of hypoxia.

A

CYANOSIS

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13
Q

Is determined chiefly by the radius size of the airway.

A

AIRWAY RESISTANCE

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14
Q

Procedure suing needle aspiration of intrapleural fluid or air under local anesthesia

A

THORACENTESIS

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15
Q

uses magnetic field to record the H+ density of the tissue

A

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

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16
Q

This is used to determine if a person has been infected or has been exposed to TB bacillus

A

MANTOUX TEST OR TUBERCULIN TEST

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17
Q

a large blood vessel of the circulatory system that carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

A

PULMONARY VEINS

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18
Q

occurs as a result of over inflation of the lungs, which increases the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax. It occurs with aging and is a hallmark sign of emphysema and COPD.

A

BARREL CHEST

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19
Q

Nursing interventions BEFORE Bronchogram

A
  • Secure written consent
  • Check for allergies to sea foods or iodine or anesthesia
  • NPO for 6 to 8 hours
  • Pre-op meds: atropine SO4 and valium, topical anesthesia sprayed; followed by local anesthetic injected into larynx. The nurse must have oxygen and anti-spasmodic agents ready.
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20
Q

Usually heard on expiration but may be heard on inspiration depending on the cause

A

WHEEZES

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21
Q

is an estimation of thoracic expansion and may disclose significant information about thoracic movement during breathing.

A

RESPIRATORY EXCURSION

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22
Q

The process of gas exchange between atmosphere air and the blood at the alveoli, and between the blood cells and the cells of the body.

A

RESPIRATION

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23
Q

are categorized as tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume.

A

LUNG VOLUMES

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24
Q

affects the inspiratory effort by limiting the volume of air inspired

A

PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER

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25
Q

Discontinuous popping sounds heard in early inspiration; harsh, moist sound originating in the large bronchi

A

COARSE CRACKLES

26
Q

function tests that are routinely used in patients with chronic respiratory disorders to aid diagnosis.

A

PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST

27
Q

The movement of air in and out of the airways.

A

VENTILATION

28
Q

is a radiographic procedure that utilizes x-ray machine

A

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

29
Q

a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells that can also be caused by problems outside the respiratory system.

A

HYPOXIA

30
Q

With relaxation, the diaphragm moves up and intrathoracic pressure increases, this increased pressure pushes air out of the lungs, expiration requires the elastic recoil of the lungs

A

EXPIRATION

31
Q

contraction of the diaphragm (movement of this chamber floor downward) and contraction of the external intercostal muscles increases the space in this chamber, lowered intrathoracic pressure causes air to enter through the airways and inflate the lungs.

A

INSPIRATION

32
Q

Causes of Increased Airway Resistance:

A
  • CONTRACTION OF BRONCHIAL MUCOSA
  • THICKENING OF BRONCHIAL MUCOSA
  • OBSTRUCTION OF AIRWAY
  • LOSS OF ELASTICITY
33
Q

respiratory center initiates each breath by sending messages to primary respiratory muscles over the phrenic nerve.

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

34
Q

Vibrations of the chest wall that result from speech detected on palpation.

A

TACTILE FREMITUS

35
Q

When does sputum specimen collected?

A

EARLY MORNING

36
Q

provides for reoxygenation of blood and release of CO2

A

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

37
Q

is a surgical procedure in which an opening is made into the trachea. The indwelling tube inserted into the trachea is called a _________

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

38
Q

is the elasticity and expandability of the lungs and thoracic structures.

A

COMPLIANCE

39
Q

carry blood from the heart to the lungs

A

PULMONARY ARTERIES

40
Q

the administration of oxygen at a concentration greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere.

A

OXYGEN THERAPHY

41
Q

a decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood.

A

HYPOXEMIA

42
Q

a sign of lung disease that is found in patients with chronic hypoxic conditions, chronic lung infections, or malignancies of the lung.

A

CLUBBING OF THE FINGERS

43
Q

involves passing an endotracheal tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea.

A

ENDOTRACHEAL SUCTIONING

44
Q

Percutaneous removal of a small amount of lung tissue

A

BIOPSY OF THE LUNGS

45
Q

Some ________sounds are divided into two categories: discrete, discontinuous sounds (crackles) and continuous musical sounds (wheezes)

A

ADVENTITIOUS SOUNDS

46
Q

This is a non-invasive procedure involving the use x-rays with minimal radiation

A

CHEST X-RAY

47
Q

has 2 respiration centers that work with the inspiration center to produce normal rate of breathing

A

PONS

48
Q

A probe or sensor is attached to the fingertip, forehead, earlobe or bridge of the nose

A

PULSE OXIMETER

49
Q

is the actual blood flow through the pulmonary circulation.

A

PULMONARY PERFUSION

50
Q

prolongs inhalation

A

APNEUSTIC CENTER

51
Q

Is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at the air–blood interface.

A

DIFFUSION

52
Q

This is the direct inspection and observation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi through a flexible or rigid bronchoscope.

A

BRONCHOSCOPY

53
Q

A change in the normal nail bed. It appears as sponginess of the nail bed and loss of the nail bed angle.

A

CLUBBING OF THE FINGERS

54
Q

It is done during bronchoscopy

A

TRANSBRONCHOSCOPIC BIOPSY

55
Q

Soft, high-pitched, discontinuous popping sounds that occur during inspiration (while usually heard on inspiration, they may also be heard on expiration); may or may not be cleared by coughing

A

CRACKLES

56
Q

A method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to encourage the patient to inhale slowly and deeply to maximize lung inflation and prevent or reduce atelectasis.

A

INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY

57
Q

the flow of gas in and out of the lungs

A

VENTILATION

58
Q

Deep, low-pitched rumbling sounds heard primarily during expiration; caused by air moving through narrowed tracheobronchial passages

A

SONOROUS WHEEZES (RHONCHI)

59
Q

Discontinuous popping sounds heard in late inspiration; sounds like hair rubbing together; originates in the alveoli

A

FINE CRACKLES

60
Q

the filling of the pulmonary capillaries with blood.

A

PERFUSION

Medical Surgical LECTURE (3 decks)

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