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Immunology and serology > Overview of immune system > Flashcards

Overview of immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Autoimmunity

A

when self reacting cells persist and are not destroyed

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2
Q

Most abundant wbc

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

Mature PMN

A

multi lobed; segmented

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4
Q

Immature PMN

A

nonsegmented bands

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5
Q

Which cells are APCs

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, b cells

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6
Q

MHC is also known as

A

HLA

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7
Q

MHC I is found on

A

most cells

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8
Q

MHC II is found on

A

APCs

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9
Q

Which cells are granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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10
Q

Which cells are agranulocytes

A

monocytes, lymphocytes

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11
Q

Which lymphocytes make up majority

A

T cells

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12
Q

T cells have which antigens on their surface

A

CD4 and CD8

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13
Q

CD4 is found on surface of which cells

A

helper T (make up majority)

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14
Q

CD8 is found on surface of which cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

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15
Q

What are the two types of helper T cells

A

TH1 and TH2

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16
Q

Th1 cells produce

A

IFN gamma and TNF alpha

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17
Q

What role doe IFN gamma and TNF alpha play

A

activate macrophages during INTRAcellular infection (viruses, bacteria)

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18
Q

Th2 cells produce

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6

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19
Q

What do IL-4/5/6 do

A

activate B cells

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20
Q

Immunogen

A

substance that can produce humoral or cellular immune response and react with product of that response

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21
Q

Antigen

A

substance that reacts with antibody or T cell but may not be able to initially trigger response

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22
Q

Epitope is found on

A

antigen

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23
Q

Paratope is found on

A

antibody hypervariable region; recognizes epitope

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24
Q

Pepsin

A

enzyme that breaks bonds of antibody molecule into 1 FAB and 1 Fc

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25
Papain
enzyme that breaks bonds of antibody into 2 FAB and 1 Fc
26
Complement fixation occurs at which region of antibody
Fc
27
Examples of active/acquired immunity
natural- infection/exposure artificial- vaccination
28
Examples of passive immunity
- Ig crossing placenta - breastmilk - gammaglobulin and antibody injections
29
Examples of adoptive immunity
- anti cancer treatment | - introduction of NK cells
30
What does undifferentiated stem cell in bone marrow become
progenitor B cell (pro- B cell)
31
What does pro B cell have on its membrane
CD45R
32
What does pro B cell become
pre B cell
33
What does pre B cell have on its membrane
IL-7 receptor
34
What does pre B cell become
mature B cell
35
What stage of B cell maturation does gene rearrangement occur
pro B cell
36
Variable region of immunoglobulin contains
antigen binding site- Fab
37
Constant region of immunoglobulin determines
immunoglobulin class
38
Fab (fragment antibody) contains
antigen binding site and variable region
39
Fc (fragment crystallizable) contains
constant region
40
Isotype
unique AA sequence common to all Ig molecules in a given species; differs between Ig classes (IgG, IgM, etc). ** heavy chains
41
Allotype
minor variation of AA sequence present in some individuals but not others ** constant regions
42
Idiotype
variable portion is unique to specific antibody molecule, due to differences in heavy and light chains ** variable region
43
Only Ig that can cross the placenta
IgG
44
Which Ig activates classical pathway
IgG
45
IgG is a monomer, T or F
true
46
Serum IgA is a monomer or tetramer
monomer
47
Secretory IgA is a monomer or tetramer
tetramer
48
IgM is a pentamer, T or F
true
49
Where is IgD found
bound to mature B cells
50
Classical pathway requires antibody for activation, T or F
true
51
Alternate pathway does not require antibody for activation, T or F
true
52
Complement fragments are sensitive to
heat
53
Three units in classical pathway
recognition, activation, MAC
54
Components of recognition unit
C1q, C1r, C3
55
Components of activation unit
C4, C2, C3
56
Components of MAC
C5-C9
57
CH50 assay screens for
function of classical pathway
58
How is CH50 interpreted
indicated by dilution that lyses 50% sheep RBC - if zero = no complement - if low= any factor is deficient
59
AH50 assay screens for
alternate pathway function
60
If both CH50 and AH50 are abnormal, what complement components are defective
C3 or C5-C9
61
If only CH50 is abnormal, which components are defective
C1, C4, or C2

Immunology and serology (1 decks)

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