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Immunology and serology > Overview of immune system > Flashcards

Overview of immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Autoimmunity

A

when self reacting cells persist and are not destroyed

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2
Q

Most abundant wbc

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

Mature PMN

A

multi lobed; segmented

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4
Q

Immature PMN

A

nonsegmented bands

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5
Q

Which cells are APCs

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, b cells

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6
Q

MHC is also known as

A

HLA

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7
Q

MHC I is found on

A

most cells

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8
Q

MHC II is found on

A

APCs

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9
Q

Which cells are granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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10
Q

Which cells are agranulocytes

A

monocytes, lymphocytes

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11
Q

Which lymphocytes make up majority

A

T cells

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12
Q

T cells have which antigens on their surface

A

CD4 and CD8

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13
Q

CD4 is found on surface of which cells

A

helper T (make up majority)

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14
Q

CD8 is found on surface of which cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

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15
Q

What are the two types of helper T cells

A

TH1 and TH2

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16
Q

Th1 cells produce

A

IFN gamma and TNF alpha

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17
Q

What role doe IFN gamma and TNF alpha play

A

activate macrophages during INTRAcellular infection (viruses, bacteria)

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18
Q

Th2 cells produce

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6

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19
Q

What do IL-4/5/6 do

A

activate B cells

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20
Q

Immunogen

A

substance that can produce humoral or cellular immune response and react with product of that response

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21
Q

Antigen

A

substance that reacts with antibody or T cell but may not be able to initially trigger response

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22
Q

Epitope is found on

A

antigen

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23
Q

Paratope is found on

A

antibody hypervariable region; recognizes epitope

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24
Q

Pepsin

A

enzyme that breaks bonds of antibody molecule into 1 FAB and 1 Fc

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25
Q

Papain

A

enzyme that breaks bonds of antibody into 2 FAB and 1 Fc

26
Q

Complement fixation occurs at which region of antibody

A

Fc

27
Q

Examples of active/acquired immunity

A

natural- infection/exposure

artificial- vaccination

28
Q

Examples of passive immunity

A
  • Ig crossing placenta
  • breastmilk
  • gammaglobulin and antibody injections
29
Q

Examples of adoptive immunity

A
  • anti cancer treatment

- introduction of NK cells

30
Q

What does undifferentiated stem cell in bone marrow become

A

progenitor B cell (pro- B cell)

31
Q

What does pro B cell have on its membrane

A

CD45R

32
Q

What does pro B cell become

A

pre B cell

33
Q

What does pre B cell have on its membrane

A

IL-7 receptor

34
Q

What does pre B cell become

A

mature B cell

35
Q

What stage of B cell maturation does gene rearrangement occur

A

pro B cell

36
Q

Variable region of immunoglobulin contains

A

antigen binding site- Fab

37
Q

Constant region of immunoglobulin determines

A

immunoglobulin class

38
Q

Fab (fragment antibody) contains

A

antigen binding site and variable region

39
Q

Fc (fragment crystallizable) contains

A

constant region

40
Q

Isotype

A

unique AA sequence common to all Ig molecules in a given species; differs between Ig classes (IgG, IgM, etc). ** heavy chains

41
Q

Allotype

A

minor variation of AA sequence present in some individuals but not others
** constant regions

42
Q

Idiotype

A

variable portion is unique to specific antibody molecule, due to differences in heavy and light chains ** variable region

43
Q

Only Ig that can cross the placenta

A

IgG

44
Q

Which Ig activates classical pathway

A

IgG

45
Q

IgG is a monomer, T or F

A

true

46
Q

Serum IgA is a monomer or tetramer

A

monomer

47
Q

Secretory IgA is a monomer or tetramer

A

tetramer

48
Q

IgM is a pentamer, T or F

A

true

49
Q

Where is IgD found

A

bound to mature B cells

50
Q

Classical pathway requires antibody for activation, T or F

A

true

51
Q

Alternate pathway does not require antibody for activation, T or F

A

true

52
Q

Complement fragments are sensitive to

A

heat

53
Q

Three units in classical pathway

A

recognition, activation, MAC

54
Q

Components of recognition unit

A

C1q, C1r, C3

55
Q

Components of activation unit

A

C4, C2, C3

56
Q

Components of MAC

A

C5-C9

57
Q

CH50 assay screens for

A

function of classical pathway

58
Q

How is CH50 interpreted

A

indicated by dilution that lyses 50% sheep RBC

  • if zero = no complement
  • if low= any factor is deficient
59
Q

AH50 assay screens for

A

alternate pathway function

60
Q

If both CH50 and AH50 are abnormal, what complement components are defective

A

C3 or C5-C9

61
Q

If only CH50 is abnormal, which components are defective

A

C1, C4, or C2

Immunology and serology (1 decks)

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