Overview of Human Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
Anatomy is the science of the structure of an organism or body,
What is Physiology?
Physiology is the science and study of the vital processes, mechanisms, and functions of an organ or system.
What is Kinesiology?
Kinesiology is the scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement.
What is Pathology?
Pathology is the study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease.
Define Disease.
Disease is an abnormal and unhealthy state of all part of the body, or its systems or organs, wherein it is incapable of carrying on its normal function.
Differentiate between a sign and a symptom of a disease.
Symptom is subjective evidence of a disease or bodily disorder. Sign is an observable indication of disease or bodily disorder.
What is the physiologic reaction to stress?
Any psychological and physical situation or condition that causes tension or strain.
What is the physical reaction of the body to pain?
Its function is primarily protective; it warns of tissue damage of distraction somewhere in the body.
Pain Definition: Is the result of stimulation of specialized nerve endings called nociceptors. It has a primarily protective function in that it warns of tissue damage of distraction somewhere in the body.
Describe what is meant by the pain-spasm-pain cycle.
When pain triggers muscle spasms, which in turn cause more pain, creating a continuous cycle. This can limit mobility and prolong healing. Breaking this cycle is key to recovery.
Describe the role of the massage therapist in breaking the pain-spasm-pain cycle.
Massage provides pleasurable stimulation that is carried to the brain on thicker, faster, more numerous nerve fivers that override or dampen the pain signals of the smaller nociceptors nerve fibers (Melzack and Wall, 1996)
Explain the difference between infection and inflammation.
Infection is the invasion of the body by microorganisms such as: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. There can be local infections where invading organisms confined to a small area of the body and systemic infections where invading organisms have spread throughout the body.
Inflammation on the other hand is a protective tissue response to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
What are the four principal signs and symptoms of inflammation?
Swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
What is fever?
An elevated body temperature
When does fever become dangerous?
Extreme or prolonged fever can be dangerous or even fatal. Fevers>106 to 108 (41.1-42.2 C)
Define Homeostasis.
The internal balance of the body.
