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Head and Neck (Ben Gray) > Overview of History, Examination and common symptoms > Flashcards

Overview of History, Examination and common symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

what are some common symptoms relating to the H & N system?

A 
sore throat
dysphonia- hoarseness
dysphagia
odynophagia
mouth/throat ulcer
neck lump
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2
Q

what are 2 methods used to examine the throat?

A

indirect laryngoscopy

fibre optic nasolaryngoscopy

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3
Q

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

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4
Q

what would a thyroid bruit be a sign of?

A

grave’s thyroiditis

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5
Q

what would a carotid bruit be a sign of?

A

carotid stenosis

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6
Q

what are some common Head & neck investigations?

A 
FNAC
CT/MRI?PET scan
US scan
Plain XR
Contrast swallow
endoscopy
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7
Q

what are some common causes of neck lumps?

A

branchial cyst
lipoma
thyroglossal cyst
reactive lymph node

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8
Q

what can cause a salivary gland to become enlarged?

A

tumour - e.g pleomorphic adenoma
inflammation - parotitis
duct calculus

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9
Q

what are some causes of hoarseness?

A 
nodules
cysts
vocal abuse
laryngitis
infection
smoking
reflux
laryngeal cancer
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10
Q

what changes in the lumen can cause dysphagia?

A

foreign body

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11
Q

what changes in the wall of the oesophagus can cause dysphagia?

A

tumour
stricture
neuromuscular
pharyngeal pouch

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12
Q

what extraluminal changes can cause dysphagia

A

thyroid
heart
mediastinal mass

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13
Q

what is the most common TYPE of H & N carcinoma

A

squamous carcinoma

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14
Q

what are some characteristics of a malignant neck node?

A 
round
firm
irregular
fixed
non tender
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15
Q

what is a sign of airway obstruction that may be an emergency?

A

stridor

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16
Q

what are 2 invasive ways of establishing an airway in an emergency?

A

tracheostomy

cricothyroidotomy

17
Q

what is “quinsy”

A

a peritonsillar abscess

18
Q

what are the SIGN guidelines for offering a tonsillectomy?

A 
bacterial tonsillitis
6-7 attacks in 1 year
5 per year over 2 years
3 per year over 3 years
disrupting daily activities
more than 1 quinsy

Head and Neck (Ben Gray) (8 decks)

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