Overview of Gait Flashcards
What type of movement is gait?
Rotational movement for translation of body
Step length
Distance between points of heel contact of the opposite foot
Stride length
distance between heel contact of the same foot
Base of Gait
side to side distance between both feet
Cadence
steps per unit time (usually 100-115 steps/minute)
What percent is normal stance phase?
60%
What percent is normal swing phase?
40%
What are the 3 phases of stance phase?
Contact period - heel strike to forefoot loading
Midstance period - forefoot loading to heel lift
Propulsive period - heel raise to toe off
What percent is double stance of stance phase?
10%
How does the gate cycle change during running?
No double stance component
Double swing component
Stance phase 40%/ Swing phase 60%
What motion occurs in STJ from contact to 25% stance (heel strike to forefoot loading)
pronation
When do GRF peak in stance phase?
Contact (heel strike to forefoot loading)
How is the leg rotated during contact portion of stance phase?
internally
How does the motion of the STJ change during midstance (forefoot loading > heel lift)
stops pronation begins supination
How is the leg rotated during midstance?
externally
Which muscles contract during midstance?
Tibialis posterior
Soleus
When do vertical GRF peak in the stance phase?
Propulation (Heel lift to Toe off)
In what phase of stance phase do forces move lateral to medial passing through hallux?
Propulsion phase
What happens to toes during propulsion stage of stance phase?
Loaded to stabilize MPJs
Describe angle of gait and base of gait?
Angle of gait - feet slightly abducted
Base of gait - feet shoulder width apart
What is the major mechanism of shock absorption?
Muscle activity required to slow pronation
What can happen with excessive pronation?
Subluxation
Dislocation
Degeneration
What non-structural conditions are associated with pathologic pronation?
Heel pain & Plantar fasciitis Shin splints Medial Peri-Tendonitis Knee pain (Patello-Femoral Syndrome) Low back pain Decreased endurance
What structural conditions are associated with pathologic pronation?
HAV & Hammer toes Mid foot subluxation Tendinosis / PTTD Degenerative arthritis Stress fracture
