Overview of causes of disease Flashcards
1. Understand terminologies related to causes of disease 2. Types of causes 3. Ageing
1
Q
Def: Intrinsic cause
+ examples from module
A
Cause deriving from within, typically changes in an individual’s genome altering the function of a gene or group of genes
- Nuclear and mitochondrial mutations
- Inherited mutations
- De novo mutations
- Epigenetic modifications
2
Q
Def: Extrinsic cause
+ examples
A
Cause deriving from outside
- injury
- infection
- lifestyle
- nutrition and diet
- exposure to chemical toxins and radiation
3
Q
Def: Aetiology
A
Cause of disease which can be singular or a product of multiple causes
4
Q
Def: Idiopathic
A
Condition with no known cause
5
Q
Def: Cell autonomous
A
Cell X no longer expresses protein Y, so cell X adopts wrong shape
6
Q
Def: Cell non-autonomous
A
Cell X no longer secretes hormone Y, so cell Z no longer functions
7
Q
Examples of diseases associated with extrinsic/intrinsic causes
A
- Cancer (leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast and prostate)
- Developmental diseases (neural tube defects)
- Inherited anaemias (SCA, B-thalassaemia)
- Inherited metabolic disease (phenylketonuria)
8
Q
How does ageing contribute to pathogenesis of diseases/conditions?
A
Ageing is accompanied with progressive accumulation of variations associated with disease
