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MD1S1: Biochemistry 201 > Overview of Biophysical Chemistry > Flashcards

Overview of Biophysical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the typical cell is water?

A

70%

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2
Q

What is the biochemical significance of water?

A

Biomolecules interact with water to form an aqeuous solution essential for maintaining life

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3
Q

What is the structure of water?

A

Oxygen chemically bonded to two hydrogen atoms
Exists in bent geometry

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4
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

Power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons

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5
Q

How do transient electrical charges occur in water?

A

Due to electronegativity difference between H and O
Causes +ve charge on H and -ve charge on O

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6
Q

How do hydrogen bonds form between water molecules?

A

Transient -ve charges on O atom and transient +ve charges on H atom of different H2O molecules attract each other forming hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

Density of ice and water

A

Ice = 0.92 g/ml
Water (at 0°C) = 1.0g/ml

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8
Q

What is a Bronsted-Lowry Acid?

A

Proton (H+) donor

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9
Q

What is a Bronsted-Lowry Base?

A

Proton (H+) acceptor

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10
Q

Dissociation of an acid forms …

A

… proton and conjugate base

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11
Q

Combination of proton with base forms …

A

… conjugate acid

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12
Q

Strong acids have a ____ conjugate base

A

Strong acids have a __weak__ conjugate base

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13
Q

What is an alkali?

A

Metal hydroxides
E.g. NaOH and KOH

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14
Q

Dissociation of an alkali forms …

A

… metallic ion and OH- ion
Hydroxide ion is a base

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15
Q

What is an ampholyte?

A

Substance which can function as both an acid and base
E.g. water

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16
Q

How can pH be calculated?

A

pH = -log[H+]

17
Q

What is a solution?

A

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Solutions are formed from solutes dissolved in a solvent

18
Q

What is a solute?

A

Component of a solution that is present in lesser quantity than the solvent

19
Q

What is a solvent?

A

Component of a solution that is present in the largest quantity

20
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

Solution with water as the solvent

21
Q

What are the general properties of a liquid solution?

A

Clear and transparent with no visible particles of solute
May be colored or colorless
Solution of electrolytes are good conductor of electricity whereas non-electrolyte solutions aren’t

22
Q

What is a true solution?

A

Homogenous mixture with uniform properties throughout
Solute cannot be isolated from solvent by filtration, nor do the particles settle over time

23
Q

What is a colloidal suspension?

A

Consists of solute particles distributed throughout the solvent
Distribution is not completely homogeneous due to the size of the colloidal particles

To the naked eye, colloidal and true solutions appear identical

24
Q

Distinguish between solute types based on particle sizes

A

<1nm are solution particles
1nm-100nm are colloids
>100nm are precipitates

25
Q

What is the Tyndall effect?

A

Colloid particles are large enough to scatter light
Used to distinguish between true and colloidal solutions

26
Q

How does polarity affect solubility?

A

Polar solute are soluble in polar solvents
Non-polar solutes are soluble in non-polar solvents

27
Q

What factors can affect the degree of solubility?

A

Difference in polarity between solute and solvent (Greater diference = less soluble)
Intermolecule forces
Temperature

28
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

Solution containing all the solute that can be dissolved at a particular temperature

29
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Net movement of solute or solvent molecules from an area of their high concentration to an area of low concentration

30
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane in response to a conc. gradient

31
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

Number of solute particles per 1L of solvent

32
Q

What are isotonic solutions?

A

Solutions of equal osmotic pressures
E.g. RBC in plasma or 0.15M NaCl

33
Q

What are hypotonic solutions?

A

Solution with comparatively less osmolarity
E.g. RBCs swell and may burst due to osmosis of water into cells

34
Q

What are hypertonic solutions?

A

Solution with comparitively more osmolarity
E.g. RBCs shrink due to outward movement of water - can occur upon consumption of sea water

MD1S1: Biochemistry 201 (4 decks)

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