Overview Of Antibacterial Therapy (word Doc) Flashcards
Staph, Strep, and Enterococci are what category of bacteria?
Gram Positive Cocci
N gonorrheae, N meningitidis, and M catarrhalis are what category of bacteria?
Gram negative cocci
Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes are what category of bacteria?
Gram positive rods
H influenzae, E coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are what category of bacteria?
Gram negative rods
Clostridium difficile, tetani, and botulinum are what category of bacteria?
Anaerobes: Gram Positive rod
Bacteroides fragilis is what category of bacteria?
Anaerobe: Gram negative rod
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia are what category of bacteria?
Atypical
Name the 8 bacteria most commonly seen in meningitis. (Hint: BEHLN-SSS)
- Bacteroides
- E coli
- H influenza
- Listeria monocytogenes
- N meningitidis
- Staph aureus
- Strep pneumo
- Strep pyogenes
Name the 4 bacteria most commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections. (Hint: CPSS)
- Clostridia species
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staph aureus
- Strep pyogenes
Name the 3 most common bacteria assoc. w/ Endocarditis. (Hint: SSV)
Staphy aureus
Srep pyogenes
Viridans streptococci
Name the 2 most common bacteria assoc. w/ URI’s. (Hint: SS)
Strep pneumoniae
Strep pyogenes
Name the 3 most common bacteria assoc. w/ Lower respiratory tract infections. (Hint: CMS)
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking pneumonia)
Strep pneumo
Name the two most common bacteria assoc. w/ hospital acquired lung infections. (Hint: BP)
Bacteroides fragilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Name the 3 most common bacteria assoc. w/ PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) (Hint: BCN)
Bacteroides species
Chlamydia trachomatis
N gonorrhea
Name the 2 most common bacteria assoc. w/ UTI’s. (Hint: EP)
E Coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Name the 3 most common bacteria assoc. w/ intra-abdominal infections. (Hint: CEB)
C difficile
E coli
Bacteroides fragilis
Name one bacteria assoc. w/ liver and pancreas infections.
Bacteroides fragilis
Name the most common bacteria related to mouth infections.
Viridans streptococci
Name the 4 most common bugs assoc. w/ bone and joint infections. (Hint: NPSS)
N gonorrhoeae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strep pneumo
Staph aureus
Name the 2 most common bugs assoc. w/ genital infections. (Hint: CN)
Chlamydia trachomatis
N gonorrhoeae
Name the 6 types of abx that have MOA’s for cell wall synthesis. (Hint: BVPMCC)
- Bacitracin (skin)
- Vancomycin (glycopeptide, gram pos, MRSA)
- Penicillins (Gram pos bugs)
- Monobactams (Aztreonam, Gram Neg, Pseudomonas)
- Cephalosporins (1st gen gram pos Cephalexin/Cefazolin, 2nd gen more gram neg Cefuroxime, 3rd gen less gram pos more gram neg Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime/Cefpodoxime, 4th gen Cefepime covers Pseudomonas, 5th gen Ceftaroline covers MRSA)
- Carbapenems (Doripenem/Imipenem/Miropenem all cover Pseudomonas, Ertapenem does not) good for intraabdominal infections
Name the three types of abx whose MOA works on nucleic acids (ie: DNA gyrase, RNA polymerase, and DNA)
1) Fluoroquinolones: Gram neg/pos, good respiratory penetration
- Ciprofloxacin (covers Pseudomonas, only one non-respiratory, used for UTI and lower abd infx)
- Levofloxacin (covers pseudo)
- Moxifloxacin (only one that doesn’t cover pseudomonas)
2) Riffffffampin for H infffffffluenzae
3) Nitroimidazole: Metronidazole (anaerobic below diaphragm
4) Nitrofurantoin (used for UTI’s and ear infections)
Name the 3 abx whose MOA works on 50s ribosome protein synthesis.
1) Macrolides (azithro, erythro, clarithromycin)
- atypical pneumonia coverage, H influenzae
- azithro (strep pneumo is resistant)
2) Chloramphenicol (don’t recall this one so feel free to enter info if you know)
3) Lincosamides (clindamycin)
- Gram pos and good anaerobic coverage
Name the 2 types of abx whose MOA works on 30s inhibition of protein synthesis.
1) tetracyclines: Gram pos, MRSA coverage
- doxycycline
- tetracycline
- minocycline
2) Aminoglycosides: Gram Neg with anti-Pseudomonal activity; toxicities assoc. w/ them such as ototoxic and nephrotoxic
- Gentamicin
- Tobramycin
- Amikacin
Name one abx whose MOA is protein synthesis (tRNA).
- Oxazolidinones: Gram Pos, MRSA, VRE
- Linezolid
- Tedizolid
Name two abx whose MOA’s work on cell membranes.
1) Lipopeptide: Gram Pos MRSA and VRE; NO LUNG PENETRATION
- Daptomycin
2) Polymyxins: used in abx skin ointments like bacitracin
Name the one abx whose MOA works on Folic Acid Metabolism.
-Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim): Gram Neg and MRSA
Selective toxicity: bacteria must synthesize folate intracellularly while mammalian cells can take up folate from the environment. Which abx class acts on folate metabolism?
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Selective toxicity: certain abx can work on protein synthesis, specifically ribosomes, because humans have 40s/60s ribosomes whereas bacteria have 30s/50s ribosomes. What 4 abx work on protein synthesis inhibition?
- Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
- Tetracyclines (doxycycline)
- Lincosamides (clindamycin)
- Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, etc)
Selective toxicity: bacterial nucleic acid synthesis is different from humans. Bacteria use DNA gyrase for their circular DNA, while humans use topoisomerase. Name the 4 abx classes that work on nucleic acid synthesis. (Hint: FRNN)
- Fluoroquinolones (cipro, levo)
- Rifampin
- Nitroimidazole (Metronidazole)
- Nitrofurantoin
Selective toxicity: human cells don’t have a cell wall. What 5 abx classes inhibit cell wall synthesis? (Hint: LPMCC)
- Lipopeptide (Vancomycin)
- Penicillins (amoxicillin)
- Cephalosporins (cefepime, ceftaroline)
- Monobactams (Aztreonam)
- Carbapenems (dori, erta, miri)
