Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Anatomy & Phyiology > Overview of alimentary canal > Flashcards

Overview of alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

Define peritoneum.

A
  • Thin (single cell thick - simple squamous epithelium / mesothelium), serous (lubricated) layer
  • Lines the abdominopelvic cavity
  • Surrounds the organs within the cavity
  • Has visceral & parietal layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meant by intraperitoneal organs?

A

Organs enveloped by visceral peritoneum e.g. stomach, liver, spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is meant by retroperitoneal organs?

A 
Organs only covered in parietal peritoneum (not visceral) & the peritoneum only covers the anterior surface. Example:
S
Aorta
D
P
U
C
Kidneys
E
Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define omenta.

A

Double folds of visceral peritoneum passing from the stomach & the proximal part of duodenum to other abdominal organs or the body wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define ligaments.

A

Describe varied double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum. Connects intraperitoneal organs to (usually) posterior abdo wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does arterial branches gain access to peritonised organs?

A

By travelling between double folds of peritoneum such as mesenteries & omenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does peritoneal contain and what is it divided into?

A
  • Contains peritoneal fluid.
  • Anatomically divided into two sacs (greater & lesser (omental bursa) sacs) linked by a short ‘neck’, the epiploic foramen.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name organs of alimentary canal.

A
  • Mouth: Chewing breaks food down; saliva added as lubricant.
  • Oesophagus: Conduit between mouth and stomach.
  • Stomach: Digestion of proteins; foodstuffs reduced to liquid form; storage; sterilisation.
  • Pancreas: Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbs, & proteins.
  • Liver: Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine.
  • Gallbladder: stores and concentrates bile (by removing water).
  • Small intestine: final stages of chemical digestion & nutrient absorption.
  • Large intestine: water absorption, bacterial fermentation & formation of faeces.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long (metres) is it from oesophagus to rectum?

A

Roughly 8 metres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Tube wall has same structural organisation throughout length.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 distinct layers (tunics) of alimentary canal?

A
  1. Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis Mucosae)
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa/adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mucosa:

  1. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in which organs?
  2. Simple columnar is found in which organs?
  3. What are the functions of epithelium?
  4. What is lamina propria?
  5. What is muscularis mucosae?
A
  1. Mouth, oesophagus, & anal canal.
  2. Stomach, small & large intestine.
  3. Synthesis & secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, & mucus. Absorbs products of digestion.
  4. A thin loose connective tissue containing glands, blood/lymph vessels.
  5. A thin smooth muscle layer.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glands in submucosa indicate which organ?

A

Oesophagus (secrete mucus to help pass the food down) or duodenum (secrete bicarbonate to neutralise acid coming from the stomach).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Define submucosa.
  2. What does it contain?
  3. What is extensive network of neurones called in submucosa?
A
  1. Thick, irregular connective tissue that supports mucosa.
  2. Neurones, blood vessels (supply mucosa to muscularis externa & then serosa), & lymphatic vessels.
  3. Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus (independent, similar to parasympathetic system).
17
Q
  1. What is muscularis externa?
  2. What are the muscles called and what is their function?
  3. What is the function of muscularis externa?
  4. What is found between circular & longitudinal muscle that controls the motility?
A
  1. Two concentric (goes around each other) thick layers of smooth muscle.
  2. Inner layer: circular muscle (constricts lumen). Outer layer: longitudinal muscle (shortens tube).
  3. Produces motility through peristalsis or segmentation (can’t have them both at same time).
  4. Myenteric (Auerach’s) nerve plexus.
18
Q

What forms the enteric nervous system (independent control of gut function)?

A

Submucosal & myenteric plexuses.

19
Q

Define serosa/adventitia and indicate where it is found.

A

Connective tissue outer layer of alimentary canal.
Outside peritoneal cavity: adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures.
Inside peritoneal cavity: serosa surrounds stomach, small & large intestine.

20
Q
  1. T/F: autonomic system controls alimentary function.
  2. Which nerve(s) control parasympathetic activity?
  3. Is parasympathetic stimulatory or inhibitory?
  4. Which nerves control sympathetic activity?
  5. Is sympathetic stimulatory or inhibitory?
A
  1. True: Long reflexes (via parasympathetic so involves CNS), short reflexes (ENS so no CNS input).
  2. Vagus nerve (X) controls most things except salivation (facial (VII & glossopharyngeal IX).
  3. Stimulatory: increases secretion & motility.
  4. Splanchnic nerve.
  5. Inhibitory (except salivation where it is stimulatory).
21
Q

Arterial supply to GI Tract:

  1. What does Celiac trunk supply?
  2. What does superior mesenteric artery supply?
  3. What does inferior mesenteric artery supply?
  4. Above mentioned arteries all arise from?
A
  1. Stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver.
  2. Small intestine, Caecum, ascending & transverse colon.
  3. Descending & sigmoid colon, & rectum.
  4. Abdominal aorta
22
Q

Venous drainage from GI tract:

  1. Which vein drains the stomach?
  2. Which vein drains the pancreas?
  3. Which vein drains the small intestine, caecum, ascending & transverse colon?
  4. Which vein drains the descending & sigmoid colon & rectum?
A
  1. Gastric veins
  2. Splenic veins
  3. Superior mesenteric vein
  4. Inferior mesenteric vein
23
Q
  1. Which veins drain into hepatic portal vein?

2. Hepatic portal vein drains into what?

A
  1. Gastric vein, splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein & inferior mesenteric vein
  2. Hepatic vein
24
Q

Hepatic vein drains into what?

A

Inferior vena cava

25
Q

Give overview of venous drainage from GI tract.

A

Organs > Gastric, splenic, superior mesenteric & inferior mesenteric veins > hepatic portal vein > hepatic vein > inferior vena cava.

GI Anatomy & Phyiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions