Overview & Cellular Biology Flashcards
What are the 7 properties of life?
Order, Response to Stimuli, Reproduction, Adaptation, Growth & Development, Homeostatsis, Energy Processing
Explain the property of life: Order
Organisms are highly structured (think of atoms to organelles to organ systems etc.)
What is a Prokaryote cell?
A cell WITHOUT a nucleus and is a single-celled organisms such as Bacteria
What is a Eukaryote cell?
A cell WITH a nucleus and a membrane bound organelles. They are multicellular organisms such as Animals, Plants, and Fungi.
What advantage does Sexual Reproduction have over Asexual Reproduction?
Variation
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis is a process for sexual reproduction that results in 4 nucleis with half the number of chromosomes (23). It produces cells that are genetically unique from the parent cells allowing for variation.
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is a process for growth and replacing worn out cells that results in 2 nucleis with 46 chromosomes. It produces two genetically identical cells from the parent cells.
Why are there no super predators that specialize in eating lions in the wild?
A lion receieves little energy compared to the energy grass receives from the sun due to the food chain.
What is cellular respiration?
Process in which the mitochondria break down food molecules(glucose) to produce ATP which may be used for energy.
What is an autotroph?
An organism that can produce its own food. (plants are autotrophs due to photosynthesis)
What are Heterotrophs?
Organisms incapable of photosynthesis and obtain food by consuming other organisms. Heterotrophs DEPEND on Autotrophs
A new species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What colors of visible light are being absorbed and NOT being absorbed by this pigment?
The plant is absorbing red and yellow pigments. The colors being reflected is bllue and violet if the leaves are reddish yellow.
How do desert plants balance the need for CO2 with the need to avoid water loss in hot temperature?
Desert plants leave their stomate open at night when temperatures are cooler.
How does the burning of fossil fuels affect the carbon cycle?
Burning Fossils release a ton of carbon into the atomsphere, afffecting the climate.
How does deforestation affect the carbon cycle?
Trees store a lot of carbon just like fossil fuels so when chopped down, it’s released into the atomsphere too.
What is a independent variable?
The variable that can be varied or manipulated in an experiment. Doesn’t depend on another variable (EX: the amount of fertilizer used. Dosage of medicine, etc.)
What is a dependent variable?
What you measure in an experiment and what is being affected during the experiment. Depends on the independent variable. (EX: Plant growth, Reaction time, blood pressure, etc.)
What is a control variable?
A variable that’s kept consistent and not changed/manipulated during an experiment.
What is the importance of setting control variables in an experiment?
It enhances the validity of the study by isolating the effect of the independent variable from the dependent variable.
What is an observation?
A record of a phenomenom
What is a hypothesis?
A possible explanation for an observation
What is a prediction?
A statement about what will happen IF the hypothesis is correct
Why do plants look green? Are they reflecting or absorbing green light?
Plants contain clorophyll which causes the plant to look green and because of this, they reflect green light during photosynthesis.
What are the major chemical INPUTS from photosynthesis?
Inputs: Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Sunlight
6CO2 + 6 H2O
What are the major chemical OUTPUTS from photosynthesis?
Outputs: 1 Sugar and Oxygen (6O2)
What is the significance electromagnetic waves beetween 400 and 700nm?
The measurements 400 and 700nm represent the lengths of the wave lengths.
Longer waves = LESS energy
Shorter waves = MORE energy
How does having multiple pigments benefit plants?
The advantages of plants being able to absorb multiple pigments allows plants to absorb more energy
What is inductive reasoning?
From a number of observations, a general conclusion is drawn.
What is the powerful and weakest colors on the light spectrum?
Violet has the POWERFUL photons
Red as the WEAKEST photons
What is deductive reasoning?
From a general premise, specific results are predicted.
